Cardiovascular System Flashcards
What does the cardiovascular system consist of?
Atria
Ventricles
Valves
Arteries
Veins
Arterioles
Venule
Capillaries
Blood
What do the different Atria and Ventricles do?
Right Atrium - collects deoxygenated blood
Left Atrium - collects oxygenated blood
Right ventricle - receives blood from the right atrium
Left ventricle - receives blood from the left atrium
What do the different arteries do?
Pulmonary Artery:
takes deoxygenated blood to the lungs
Aorta:
takes oxygenated blood to the body
What do the different veins do?
Pulmonary veins:
Takes oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart
Vena Cava (Superior/Inferior):
Takes deoxygenated blood from the body to the heart
What do the different Valves do?
Bicuspid/Mitral valves -
allows blood to flow from left atrium to the ventricle
Tricuspid valves -
allows blood to flow from the right atrium to the ventricle
Pulmonary semilunar valves -
allows blood to flow from right ventricle to the artery
Aortic semilunar valves -
allows blood to flow from left ventricle to the aorta
What is Stroke Volume?
The volume of blood pumped out of the heart in 1 contraction
Resting value is 70ml (50ml-100ml)
Factors = size of person + exercise
Exercising can increase size of ventricles, increasing amount of blood it can hold, increasing contraction force
What is Heart Rate?
The number of times your heart beats in a minute (bpm)
Resting value is 60-80 bpm
Exercising can increase the hearts efficiency, increasing amount of blood pumped out per beat, meaning it doesn’t need to pump as often
What is Cardiac Output? And Maximum Cardiac Output?
The amount of blood pumped out the heart per minute (l/min)
Resting value is 5 l/min
The maximum amount of blood that the heart can pump in 1 minute
What’s the formula for Cardiac Output?
What’s the formula for the Maximum Cardiac Output?
CO = SV x HR
Cardiac output = stroke volume x heart rate
Max CO = SV x Max HR
Max Cardiac output = stroke volume x
max heart rate
What’s the formula for Maximum HR?
Max HR = 220 - age
220 is the absolute maximum for a heart rate
What are blood vessels?
A structure that carries blood around the body:
Arteries
Veins
Capillaries
What are the different structures of blood vessels?
Tunica Adventita/Externa -
outside layer of an artery or vein
Tunica Media -
middle layer of an artery or vein
Tunica Intima -
inside layer of an artery or vein, only layer of a capillary
Lumen -
space inside a blood vessel
What is the function, structure and pressure of an Artery?
F - Carry blood away from the heart
Carry oxygenated blood
S - Large vessels
Thick muscular and elastic walls
Narrow lumen
Connective tissue that provides strength
P - High pressure
What is the function, structure and pressure of a Vein?
F - Carry blood to the heart
Carry deoxygenated blood
S - Large lumen
Thin walls
Contains valves to prevent backflow
P - Low or negative pressure
What is the function, structure and pressure of a Capillary?
F - Allows exchange of molecules between
blood and body cells
Allows diffusion through the walls
S - Walls are 1 cell thick
Wide lumen
P - High hydrostatic pressure at the arterial
end
What is the function, structure and pressure of an Arteriole?
F - Can constrict and dilate
Contractions control the flow of blood
through the body
Connect arteries to capillaries
S - Smaller versions of arteries
Have thinner walls
P - Contract and dilate to adjust capillary
pressure
What is the function, structure and pressure of a Venule?
F - Deliver oxygen and nutrients from
capillary beds to the veins
Connect capillaries to veins
S - Smaller version of veins
Lack valves
P - Lower pressure because they’re longer
What is the function, structure and pressure of Pocket Valves?
F - Prevent backflow of blood
S - Three cups that are curved upward to form a small pocket
P - Low or negative pressure
What is the cycle of the blood flow in the body?
Oxygenated blood leaves the lungs through the Pulmonary Vein to the Left Atrium then to the Left Ventricle. The Bicuspid Valve prevents backflow between the Left Atrium and Ventricle. The blood goes from the Left Ventricle to the Aorta. The Aortic Semilunar Valve prevents backflow between the Left Ventricle and Aorta. The Aorta carries oxygenated blood to the tissues in the body. The tissue uses the oxygen, and the blood becomes deoxygenated. The Vena Cava brings back the deoxygenated blood to the Right Atrium through to the Right Ventricle. The Tricuspid Valves prevent backflow between the Right Atrium and Ventricle. Then the blood goes through to the Pulmonary Artery. The Pulmonary semilunar valve prevents backflow between the Right Ventricle and Pulmonary Artery. The Pulmonary Artery takes the blood back to the lungs.
What are the different components of blood?
Red blood cells
White blood cells
Platelets
Plasma
Oxygen
Carbon Dioxide
Haemoglobin (Hb)
Oxyhaemoglobin (HbO2)
What are White Blood Cells?
Colourless cells that protect your body from disease and infection
What are Platelets?
Cells that stop you from bleeding by clumping up together to create a clot
What is Plasma?
Fluid that enable other cells to move around the body and transports CO2, Glucose, Nutrients and waste products
What is Haemoglobin?
A protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen
