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Sports - Unit 1: Body systems and physical activity > Skeletal System > Flashcards

Skeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 types of skeleton?

A

Appendicular
Axial

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2
Q

What bones are in the axial skeleton?

A

Cranium
Ribs/ Rib cage
Vertebral Column
Manubrium
Sternum
Mandible

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3
Q

What’s the function of the axial skeleton?

A

To provide support and protection to the organs

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4
Q

What bones are in the appendicular skeleton?

A

Clavicle
Scapula
Humerus
Radius
Ulna
Phalanges
Metacarpals
Metatarsals
Tarsals
Carpals
Femur
Tibia
Fibula
Talus
Patella
Pelvic Girdle

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5
Q

What’s the function of the appendicular skeleton?

A

To grasp and manipulate objects (upper limbs)
To permit location (lower limbs)

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6
Q

Name of the collar bone?

A

Clavicle

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7
Q

Name of the skull?

A

Cranium

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8
Q

Name of upper arm bone?

A

Humerus

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9
Q

Name of jaw bone?

A

Mandible

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10
Q

Name of wrist bone?

A

Carpals

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11
Q

Bones between ribs?

A

Manubrium
Sternum

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12
Q

Name of forearm bones? Which ones where?

A

Radius - side of the thumb
Ulna - side of the pinkie

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13
Q

Name of leg bones? Which ones where?

A

Femur - thigh
Patella - knee cap
Tibia - shin
Fibula - calf

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14
Q

Name of shoulder blades?

A

Scapula

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15
Q

Name of hand bones? Which ones where?

A

Carpals - wrist
Metacarpals - palm
Phalanges - fingers

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16
Q

Name of feet bones? Which ones where?

A

Talus - ankle
Tarsals - lower area of foot
Metatarsals - middle area of foot
Phalanges - toes

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17
Q

Name of pelvis bone?

A

Pelvic girdle

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18
Q

Areas of pelvic girdle?

A

Ilium - top
Pubis - middle
Ischium - bottom

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19
Q

What’s in the Vertebral Column? Which ones where?

A

Cervical Vertebrae - top
Thoracic vertebrae - middle
Lumbar vertebrae - bottom
Sacrum - below in between pelvic girdle
Coccyx - below sacrum

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20
Q

Name of neck bone?

A

Cervical vertebrae

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21
Q

Name of back bone?

A

Thoracic vertebrae

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22
Q

Name of lower back bone?

A

Lumbar vertebrae?

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23
Q

What’s the 6 functions of the skeleton?

A

Movement
Support
Shape
Mineral Storage
Production of blood cells
Protection

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24
Q

What’s the shape function?

A

Provides human shape and height of a person

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25
What's the support function?
Keeps the body upright
26
What's the mineral storage function?
bones are made of minerals so act as a mineral store for calcium and phosphorus
27
What's the production of blood cells function?
certain bones contain red bone marrow and it produces red + white blood cells and platelets
28
What's the movement function?
Allows movement of the body as a whole an individually
29
What's the protection function?
bones protect internal organs and reduce risk of injury
30
What are the 5 types of bone?
Short Long Flat Irregular Sesamoid
31
Shape of short bones?
short almost cubic
32
Shape of long bones?
longer than they are wide
33
Shape of flat bones?
flatter than they are wide
34
Shape of irregular bones?
don't fit into any other category
35
Shape of sesamoid bones?
similar to short bones but within a tendon
36
Examples of short bones? Function? How?
Tarsals and Carpals Provide stability Due to shape
37
Examples of long bones? Function? How?
Humerus, radius, ulna, femur, fibula, tibia, phalanges, metacarpals and, metatarsals Provide movement and structure Due to length
38
Examples of flat bones? Function? How?
Cranium, ribs, scapula, sternum Protects internal organs Due to size and shape, acts as a shield
39
Examples of irregular bones? Function? How?
Vertebrae and Sacrum Provide protection Due to complex shape
40
Examples of sesamoid bones? Function? How?
Patella Decrease friction and protect tendons By redistributing forces through muscles due to being within a tendon
41
What are the 3 types of joints?
Fixed or Fused Cartilaginous joints Synovial joints
42
Definition of a fixed/fused joint?
Allows no movement Important for growth and development
43
Definition of a cartilaginous joint?
Joins bones together with cartilage only Allows some movement
44
Definition of a synovial joint?
Freely moveable Allows great range of movement
45
What are the 6 synovial joints?
Hinge Ball and Socket Pivot Condyloid Saddle Gliding
46
What's the structure, function, and location of a Pivot joint?
S - a cylinder shaped bone that rotates inside another bone that forms a ring around it F - allows rotation L - neck, wrist and radius-ulna
47
What's the structure, function, and location of a Hinge joint?
S - a cylinder shaped bone that moves inside another bone that forms a semicircle around it F - allows flexion and extension L - elbow, knee, phalanges,
48
What's the structure, function, and location of a Gliding joint?
S - a bone contacting another bone F - allows bones to glide past one another, rotation L - ankles, wrists, spine
49
What's the structure, function, and location of a Condyloid joint?
S - a spherical bone within a cup shaped bone F - allows flexion, extension, abduction and adduction L - wrist, toes, fingers
50
What's the structure, function, and location of a Saddle joint?
S - a convex bone within a concave bone F - allows flexion, extension, abduction, adduction and circumduction L - thumb and clavicle
51
What's the structure, function, and location of a Ball and Socket joint?
S - a spherical bone within a bone with a rounded depression F - allows flexion, extension, abduction, adduction and rotation L - shoulders and hips
52
What is the structure features in a synovial joint?
Hyaline cartilage Ligaments Synovial membrane Synovial fluid Menisci Pads of fat Bursae Joint capsule
53
Function of the Hyaline Cartilage?
A hard smooth surface that covers ends of bones Allows bones to move without friction due to smooth glossy consistency
54
Function of the Ligaments?
Holds 2 ends of bones together and a very strong but elastic Ensure stability but allow movement of the joint
55
Function of the Synovial membrane?
A layer that lines the synovial joint Produces and stores synovial fluid
56
Function of the Synovial fluid?
Thick white fluid that helps to reduce friction
57
Function of the Menisci?
Pads of tissue between the cartilage and within the synovial fluid Act as shock absorbers reducing impact on bone ends
58
Function of pads of fat?
Act as friction reducers
59
Function of the Bursae?
Small sacks of fluid located where skin, ligaments or bones could cause friction
60
Function of the Joint capsule?
Protective layers around a joint
61
Example of a cartilaginous joint?
Vertebral column
62
How many vertebrae in the vertebral column?
26 Cervical - 7 Thoracic - 12 Lumbar - 5 Sacrum - 5, fused Coccyx - 4, fused
63
Function of the Vertebral column?
Protection of the spinal cord Attachment for muscles Provides support and aids with balancing
64
How does movement occur?
Through joints Through ligaments and tendons Through muscles attached to the skeleton
65
Ligament and Tendon characteristics?
Very strong Flexible Resistant to damage
66
Difference between Ligaments and Tendons?
L - Link bone to bone T - Link bone to muscle
67
What is Flexion?
Minimising joint angle e.g. bending elbow
68
What is Extension?
Maximising joint angle e.g. straightening elbow
69
What is Abduction?
movement away from the bodies midline
70
What is Adduction?
movement towards the bodies midline
71
What is Circumduction?
Moving joint around in a circle
72
What is Rotation?
Moving joint around within the confines of an axial plane
73
What is Dorsiflexion?
Toes pointing upwards
74
What is Plantarflexion?
Toes pointing downwards
75
What is pronation?
Palms facing downwards
76
What is Supination?
Palms facing upwards
77
What is Horizontal flexion?
Moving forearm across the body
78
What is Horizontal extension?
Moving forearm away from the body
79
What is Horizontal abduction?
Moving arm away from the front of the body
80
What is horizontal adduction?
Moving arm in front of the body
81
What is Medial Rotation?
Turning limb inwards
82
What is Lateral Rotation?
Turning limb outwards
83
What is Lateral flexion?
Moving body to the side/ sideways
84
Long term effects of the skeletal system?
Increased bone density Bones heal quicker More calcium in the bone Increased mineral content Stronger ligaments Reduced risk of injury
85
Short term effects of the skeletal system?
Ligaments get warmer and more stretchy Reduced risk of injury Increased range of movement at joints
86
Effects of a warm up on the skeletal system?
Increased range of movement around a joint Increased pliability (stretchiness) of ligaments and tendons

Sports - Unit 1: Body systems and physical activity (5 decks)

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