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General Physiology > Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

Cardiovascular System Flashcards

(45 cards)

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1
Q

What is the shape of an adult heart?

A

Blunt cone

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2
Q

Which part of the heart is blunt and has a rounded point?

A

Apex

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3
Q

The apex is directed (1) ___ and (2) ___

A
  1. Anteriorly
  2. Inferiorly
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4
Q

Which part of the heart is larger and flat?

A

Base

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5
Q

Where is the heart located?

A

Thoracic cavity

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6
Q

The heart is surrounded by what cavity ?

A

Pericardial cavity

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7
Q

Type of circulation where the right side of the heart pumps blood to the lungs back to the left side of the heart

A

Pulmonary Circulation

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8
Q

Type of circulation where the left side of the heart pumps blood to all the other tissues of the body and back to the right side of the heart

A

Systemic circulation

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9
Q

Give the 4 functions of the heart

A
  1. Generates blood pressure
  2. Routing blood
  3. Ensuring one way flow
  4. Regulates blood supply
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10
Q

What are the four chambers of the heart?

A
  1. right and left atria
  2. right and left ventricles
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11
Q

It receives blood from veins

A

Atria of heart

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12
Q

The right atrium receives blood from what (3) structures?

A
  1. Superior vena cava
  2. Inferior vena cava
  3. Coronary arteries
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13
Q

The left atrium receives blood from what structure/s?

A

Four pulmonary veins

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14
Q

It is a partition that separate the left and right atrium

A

Interatrial septum

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15
Q

These are the major pumping chambers of the heart

A

Ventricles

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16
Q

The right ventricle pumps blood into the _____

A

Pulmonary trunk

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17
Q

The left ventricle pumps blood into the _____

A

Aorta

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18
Q

What separates the right and left ventricles?

A

Interventricular septum

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19
Q

What valve is located between the right atrium and right ventricle?

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A

Tricuspid valve

20
Q

What valve is located between left atrium and left ventricle?

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A

Bicuspid valve / Mitral valve

21
Q

What structure prevents the blood from flowing back to the atria?

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A

Atrioventricular valves

22
Q

It is a thin strong CT that serves as an attachment for the muscular pillars

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A

Chordae Tendinae

23
Q

The pericardial cavity is formed by what?

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A

Pericardium / pericardial sac

24
Q

It surrounds the heart and anchors it within the mediastinum

25
What are the 2 layers of the pericardium?
1. Fibrous pericardium 2. Serous pericardium
26
It is the portion of the serous pericardium that lines the fibrous pericardium
Parietal pericardium
27
The pericardial cavity between the visceral and parietal pericardia is filled with what?
Pericardial fluid
28
2 sub layers of the serous pericardium?
1. Parietal pericardium 2. Visceral pericardium
29
3 histologic layers of the heart
1. Epicardium 2. Myocardium 3. Endocardium
30
Epicardium is also known as what?
Visceral pericardium
31
It is the portion covering the heart surface
Epicardium
32
Epithelium of the epicardium and endocardium
Simple Squamous Epithelium
33
It is responsible for the contraction of the heart
Cardiac muscle
34
It is the thick middle layer of the heart
Myocardium
35
It is the inner surface of the heart
Endocardium
36
Describe the cardiac muscle cells
1. It is elongated and branching 2. It contains 1 or 2 centrally located nuclei
37
Specialized cardiac muscle cells in the heart that form the conduction system of the heart (4)
1. Sinoatrial node 2. Atrioventricular node 3. Atrioventricular R and L bundle 4. Purkinje fibers
38
Normal ECG consists of what?
1. P waves 2. QRS complex 3. T waves
39
Results from depolarization of the atrial contraction
P wave
40
It is the result of ventricular depolarization
QRS complex
41
It represents repolarization of the ventricles
T waves
42
It is the time between the beginning of the P wave and the beginning of the QRS complex
PQ interval
43
Represents the length of time requires for ventricular depolarization and repolarization
QT interval
44
What happens during the PQ interval?
The atria contract and begin to relax
45
What happens at the end of PQ interval
The ventricles begin to depolarize

General Physiology (2 decks)

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