cardiovascular system.

Question 1

What is the main function of the heart?

Answer 1

Pump blood to deliver a continuous supply of oxygen and other nutrients to the brain

Question 2

What are arteries?

Answer 2

Blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart

Question 3

What kind of blood do arteries carry?

Answer 3

oxygenated rich blood

Question 4

What are arterioles?

Answer 4

smallest arteries

Question 5

What are capillaries?

Answer 5

Smallest blood vessel

Question 6

In which direction do capillaries carry the blood?

Answer 6

Away from the heart

Question 7

Define what venules are

Answer 7

Small blood vessel that allows deoxygenated blood to return from capillary beds to large blood vessels called veins

Question 8

What are veins?

Answer 8

Blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart

Question 9

What kind of blood do veins carry?

Answer 9

deoxygenated blood

Question 10

How many chambers does the heart have?

Answer 10

4

Question 11

How many atria does the heart have?

Answer 11

2

Question 12

How many ventricles does the heart have?

Answer 12

2

Question 13

Why must the heart be in constant cycle of contraction and relaxation?

Answer 13

provide constant supply of blood

Question 14

Where is the heart located?

Answer 14

near the anterior chest wall, directly posterior to the sternum

Question 15

What sac layer surrounds the heart?

Answer 15

pericardium

Question 16

What does the heart sit between?

Answer 16

2 pleural cavities in the mediastinum

Question 17

What are the 3 layers of the heart?

Answer 17

epicardium, myocardium, endocardium

Question 18

What is the epicardium?

Answer 18

external layer

Question 19

What is the myocardium?

Answer 19

Middle muscular layer

Question 20

What action does the myocardium perform?

Answer 20

contractions and relaxations of cardiac walls

Question 21

What is the endocardium?

Answer 21

Inner layer which lines the inside of the heart muscle and heart valves

Question 22

What is the endocardium covered in?

Answer 22

Layer of smooth epithelium

Question 23

What are the layers of the pericardium?

Answer 23

fibrous and serous

Question 24

What is the fibrous pericardium?

Answer 24

Tough layer made of dense connective tissue

Question 25

What are the functions of the fibrous pericardium?

Answer 25

Prevents out stretching and protection

Question 26

What is the serous pericardium?

Answer 26

Deeper, thinner and more delicate layer

Question 27

What does the serous pericardium form?

Answer 27

double layer

Question 28

What are the two layers of the serous pericardium?

Answer 28

Parietal and visceral

Question 29

What is the space between the parietal and visceral layers called?

Answer 29

pericardial cavity

Question 30

What is the liquid in the pericardial cavity?

Answer 30

Pericardial fluid

Question 31

What is the function of the liquid between the visceral and parietal layers?

Answer 31

reduce friction

Question 32

Why is the left ventricular wall thicker?

Answer 32

left side of heart has to pump blood to entire body which requires more force which increases strength and muscle mass of left ventricular wall

Question 33

Endocardium is supplied with blood from where?

Answer 33

directly from inside the chambers

Question 34

Where does most of the heart get their blood from?

Answer 34

coronary arteries

Question 35

Where does the front and side of the left ventricle and apex get their blood from?

Answer 35

Left anterior descending artery

Question 36

Where does the back and side of the left ventricle get their blood from?

Answer 36

circumflex artery

Question 37

Where does the right ventricle, base of the heart and the interventricular septum get their blood from?

Answer 37

Right coronary artery

Question 38

What type of walls does the atria have?

Answer 38

thin

Question 39

How do the atria open into the ventricles?

Answer 39

Atrioventricular canals

Question 40

What are valves composed of?

Answer 40

cusps

Question 41

How many flaps in triscuspid valve?

Answer 41

3

Question 42

Where is the tricuspid valve?

Answer 42

Between right atrium and right ventricle

Question 43

Where is the bicuspid valve?

Answer 43

Between left atrium and left ventricle

Question 44

What is the bicuspid valve also known as?

Answer 44

mitral valve

Question 45

Which three veins does the right atrium receive blood from?

Answer 45

Superior vena cava Inferior vena cava Coronary sinus

Question 46

Superior vena cava receives blood from ?

Answer 46

upper body

Question 47

Inferior vena cava receives blood from?

Answer 47

Lower body

Question 48

Coronary sinus receives blood from?

Answer 48

Coronary circulation

Question 49

What is the main difference between the two ventricles?

Answer 49

different pressures

Question 50

What is the purpose of the valves?

Answer 50

prevent backflow of blood

Question 51

Right ventricle pumps blood?

Answer 51

into pulmonary circulation

Question 52

What are the two ventricles divided by?

Answer 52

Interventricular septum

Question 53

What is the function of semi lunar valves?

Answer 53

Prevents the backflow of blood into ventricles

Question 54

Where are the semi lunar valves found?

Answer 54

outlet of each ventricle

Question 55

Why is the cardiac cycle important?

Answer 55

vital to proper functioning of cardiovascular system

Question 56

When is the cardiac cycle complete?

Answer 56

Complete when the heart fills with blood and the blood is pumped out

Question 57

What is the cardiac cycle

Answer 57

Comprises of the series of events that occur during a complete heart beat

Question 58

During a cycle what happens to the atria and ventricles?

Answer 58

contract

Question 59

How long is atrial systole?

Answer 59

0.1 second

Question 60

What happens during atrial systole?

Answer 60

Atria contracts and forces blood from atria into ventricles

Question 61

How long is ventricular systole?

Answer 61

0.3 seconds

Question 62

What happens during ventricular systole?

Answer 62

Both ventricles contract Blood is forced to lungs via pulmonary trunk and the rest of the body via aorta

Question 63

How long is the atrial diastole?

Answer 63

0.7 seconds

Question 64

How long is ventricular diastole?

Answer 64

0.5 seconds

Question 65

What happens during atrial diastole?

Answer 65

relaxation of the two atria Atria fills with blood from large veins

Question 66

What happens during ventricular diastole?

Answer 66

allows ventricles to fill passively with blood from the atria

Question 67

What is S1?

Answer 67

lub

Question 68

What is S2

Answer 68

dub

Question 69

What is the sound of s1?

Answer 69

long booming sounds caused by tricupsid and mitral valve

Question 70

What is the sound of s2?

Answer 70

Short sharp sounds caused by closure of the pulmonary and semi lunar valves

Question 71

What kind of sound does a heart murmur make?

Answer 71

Clicking, whoosing and gurgling

Question 72

Define cardiac output

Answer 72

How much blood is delivered in a minute

Question 73

Define stroke volume

Answer 73

Amount of blood ejected by left ventricle during each heart beat

Question 74

How do you increase stroke volume or heart rate?

Answer 74

exercise, hormones, drug increase , the cardiac output

Question 75

What factors regulate stroke volume?

Answer 75

preload contractility afterload

Question 76

What is congestive heart failure?

Answer 76

Inability of the heart to pump adequate amount of blood to the systematic circulation to meet the body's metabolic demands