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principles of nursing > respiratory system. > Flashcards

respiratory system. Flashcards

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1
Q

According to NHS england 2021 how many people are affected by respiratory diseases?

A

1 in 5

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2
Q

Respiratory diseases are __ biggest cause of death in England

A

third

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3
Q

Respiratory system consists of?

A

upper and lower air ways

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4
Q

What is the function of the upper airway?

A

protection and warms and filters air coming into the body

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5
Q

Each lung has a broad lower surface called the?

A

base

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6
Q

Each lung has a broad lower surface called the?

A

apex

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7
Q

The lower surface of the lung rests on what?

A

diaphragm

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8
Q

The area between the lungs is called the ?

A

mediastinum

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9
Q

What features consist of upper airway?

A

Nose, mouth, larynx and pharynx

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10
Q

What features consist of lower airway?

A

Trachea, bronchi, lungs, bronchioles, alveoli

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11
Q

What is the function of the lower airways?

A

passage of gases in the lungs and between the lungs and blood stream

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12
Q

What is the nasal cavity?

A

hollow space behind the nose

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13
Q

What is the nasal cavity lined with?

A

ciliated columnar epithelium

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14
Q

What type of cells does the nasal cavity contain?

A

mucous secreting goblet cells

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15
Q

What are the openings in the nasal cavity called?

A

nares

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16
Q

What is the function of the nose?

A

Air is warmed, moistened and filtered

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17
Q

Define olfactory

A

relating to the sense of smell

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18
Q

What is the pharynx?

A

passageway for air and food

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19
Q

What is the purpose of the pharynx?

A

protection of lymphatic tissue and tonsils

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20
Q

Where is the pharynx situated?

A

extends from the base of the skull to the 6th cervical vertebra

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21
Q

What are the three regions of the pharynx?

A

Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Laryngopharynx

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22
Q

What is the Larynx ?

A

voice box

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23
Q

What is the main function of the larynx?

A

sound production

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24
Q

Where is the larynx situated?

A

Extends from the root of tongue to trachea

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25
What is the larynx comprised of?
cartilage
26
What is the trachea also known as?
windpipe
27
What is the trachea a continuation of?
larynx
28
What is the purpose of the trachea?
to conduct air between the larynx and the lungs
29
What reflex does the trachea provide?
cough
30
Where is the trachea located?
Extends down to level of 5th thoracic vertebrae
31
Where does the trachea divide?
carina
32
What does the trachea divide into?
right and left bronchi
33
What is bronchi composed of?
Hyaline cartilage
34
What are the bronchi not involved in?
gaseous exchange
35
What is the right lung divided into?
Three lobes: -Superior -middle -inferior
36
How is the left lung divided?
Superior and inferior lobes
37
Which lung is smaller?
left
38
define pleura
closed sac of serous membrane
39
How many branches does the pulmonary artery divide into?
2
40
What type of blood does the pulmonary artery carry?
deoxygenated
41
Where does the pulmonary artery take blood to?
lungs
42
What type of blood does pulmonary vein carry?
oxygenated
43
Where does the pulmonary vein take blood to?
out of lungs
44
What are alveoli?
air sacs in the lungs
45
What type of walls do alveoli have?
thin walls of flattened epithelial cells
46
What happens in the alveoli?
gas exchange
47
Where are the intercostal muscles located?
between the ribs
48
External respiration occurs ?
exchange of gases between aleveoli and blood
49
Internal respiration occurs?
exchange of gases by diffusion between blood and body cells
50
What gases pass over between alveoli and blood?
oxygen and carbon dioxide
51
Exchange of gases is also known as?
diffusion
52
Where is the respiratory centre located?
medulla oblongata
53
Where are pleural stretch receptors located?
smooth muscle of bronchi and bronchioles
54
Where are the chemoreceptors?
located in aorta and carotid arteries
55
What are the 4 things to look for in the assessment of respiration ?
Rate Rhythm Depth Noise
56
Define Tachypnoea
abnormally rapid breathing
57
Define Bradypnoea
abnormally slow breathing
58
Define Dyspnoea
difficulty breathing
59
Orthopnoea
Shortness of breath when lying flat
60
Define Apnoea
absence of breathing

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