Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

pe mrR > Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

Cardiovascular System Flashcards

(66 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Path of blood through the heart

A

DeOxygenated blood to right atrium via inferior/superior cava
DeO2 blood through tricuspid valve
DeO2 blood through pulmonary artery through pulmonary valve
Blood then taken to lungs to get oxygen
Oxygen diffuses into hb
Pulmonary vein takes oxygenated blood to left atrium
Transported by bicuspid valve to left ventricle
O2 blood through aorta to body
Oxygenated blood then used up and becomes deoxygenated in body
Back to start

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Heart

A

Located in thoracic cavity

Atrium and ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Chambers of heart

A

Septum divided them
Atrium and ventricle
Right chamber- deoxygenated blood
Left chamber- oxygenated blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Tricuspid valve

A

Right AV

shuts when chamber filling to stop blood into right ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Bicuspid valve

A

Stops blood leaking into left ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Pulmonary valve

A

Prevents blood going to lungs to soon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Aortic valve

A

Prevents blood going to body to soon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Superior inferior vena cava

A

Transports deoxygenated blood to right atrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Pulmonary artery

A

Takes blood away from right ventricle to lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Pulmonary veins

A

Oxygenated blood from lungs to left atrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Aorta

A

Oxygenated blood from left ventricle to rest of body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Coronary arteries

A

Left and right branches from aorta encircle and supply heart and muscles with oxygen and glucose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Coronary veins

A

Alongside the coronary arteries, drain deoxygenated blood directly back into right atrium via coronary sinus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Conduction system

A

Set of structures in cardiac muscle which creates and transmits an electrical impulse forcing Atria and ventricle to contract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Conduction system process

A

SA node sends an electrical impulse through atrea causing contraction
AV node delays passage of signal to allow atrea to contract 1st
Receives signal from SA node and passes down bundle of his
Bundle of his splits the signal down 2 branches
The purkyne fibres distribute the impulse through the ventricle walls causing them to contract

Once process over, all contracts And heart fills with blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Cardiac cycle

A

Cardiac muscle contraction and of blood through chambers

One complete cardiac cycle reps sequence of events involved in single heartbeat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Diastole

A

Filling stage
Atria and ventricles relax - draw blood onto atria
Pressure in atria increase opens AV Valves
Blood enters ventricles
SL valves closed to prevent blood leaving heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Atrial systole

A

Atria contract

Forces remaining blood into ventricles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Ventricular systole

A

Ventricles contract
Increasing pressure closing AV to prevent back flow to atria
SL valves are forced open as blood ejected from ventricles into aorta and pulmonary artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Conduction

-no electrical impulse

A

Diastole
Heart relaxes
Blood drawn into atria
All valves open slightly to allow ventricular filling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Conduction

-signal sent from SA node across atrea

A

Aerial systole
Atrea contracts
Blood forced into ventricles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Conduction

-AV Node passes signal to bundle of his

A

Ventricular systole
Ventricles contracts
Ventricles contract
Force aortic/pulmonary valve open blood to lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Heart rate

A

Number of times the heart beats (cardiac cycles) per min

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Calculate HR

A

220-age = max HR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Bradycardia
Having heart rate below 60bpm Larger stroke volume Regularly train build extra strong heart walls Adaptation know as left ventricular hypertrophic
26
Impact on health and aerobic performance
Heart pumps oxygen and blood in bigger amounts phb Reach muscles quicker More capillaries oxygen Reduce chance of cardiovascular disease
27
Stroke volume
Volume of blood ejected from left ventricle per beat End diastolic volume - end systolic volume = stroke volume Untrained- 70ml @ rest Trained - 100ml @ rest Higher as more blood with each contraction
28
Venous return
Volume of blood returning to the heart
29
Cardiac output
Volume of blood ejected from the left ventricle per min
30
Sub maximal work
Low intensity work Meet o2 demands Aerobic
31
Maximal
High intensity work Anaerobic O2 demands aren't met
32
Sub maximal exercise heart rate
``` 1) anticipatory rise Heart rate increase due to adrenaline 2) rapid increase Meet o2 demand 3)steady state/plateau O2 demands met, level off 4) demand for o2 much lower 5) HR return to resting levels when body totally recovered ```
33
Maximal exercise heart rate
1) anticipatory rise 2) meet o2 demands rapidly 3)rate of increase decreases, heart has to fill more to meet o2 demands 4) recovery longer Body built up huge o2 debt
34
Frank starling mechanism
More blood returned to hear greater stretch on the heart wall meaning stronger contraction
35
Increased venous return
More blood returning to heart more gets squeezed out
36
Stroke volume maximal exercise
Untrained- 100-120ml Trained- 160-200ml Trained have bigger hearts
37
Ccc | Cardiac control centre
Controls heart rate Located in medulla oblongata Controlled by automatic nervous system ANS and it stimulates the SA node in order to regulate heart rate.
38
Control mechanisms controlling heart rate
Neural control - proprioceptors - chemoreceptors - baroreceptors Intrinsic control - temp - venous return Hormonal control -adrenaline
39
Proprioceptors
Detects movement | Signal sent to medulla oblongata
40
Chemoreceptors
Detects chemicals Lactic acid Located in aorta and carotid artery
41
Baroreceptors
Detect increase in blood pressure | Placated in arterial wallss
42
Temperature
Change the viscosity of blood Speeds up nerve transmission Hangs stretch in ventricle walls Impact on force of ventricular contraction me stroke volume
43
Adrenaline
Stimulates SA node Secreted from arterial glands Increase stroke volume
44
Exercise to increase HR
-Proprioceptors- detect movement -Chemoreceptors- LA & PCO2 increase All info back to CCC Decrease in o2 and PO2 -baroreceptors Pressure increased tries to slow HR need for o2 overrides it -temp- increased , info sent to CCC, viscosity decreases -Venus return- increases - adrenaline - SA node stimulated
45
Recovery to decrease HR
- Proprioceptors- detect decrease in moment - Chemoreceptors- LA & PCO2 decrease, increase in PO2 - baroreceptors- BP drops - Temp- decrease, viscosity increases - Venus return- decrease , info sent to CCC to slow it down - adrenaline - Resuced, info back to CCC
46
Venous return mechanism
``` Pocket valves Muscle pump Respiratory pump Smooth muscle Gravity ```
47
Muscle pump
Muscles contract | Squeeze vein and force blood up through valves
48
Gravity
Blood above heart | Gravity brings it back down to heart
49
Respiratory pump
Changes in pressure in thoracic cavity when breathing | Squeezing effect on veins
50
Blood pooling
Occurs when walls and valves of veins don't work effectively making it difficult for blood to return to heart
51
Artery
Thick middle smooth layer of muscle Vasoconstriction Vasodilation
52
Arterioles
``` Smaller arteries Thick layer Pre capillary sphincter Helps direct blood flow to where it's needed Vascular shunt ```
53
Capillaries
1 cell thick Endothelia cells Gaseous exchange of gas/nutrients
54
Venules
Smaller veins Thin smooth middle layer muscle Vasodilation Vasoconstriction
55
Veins
Think smooth layer of muscle Pocket valves Allow blood flow in one direction to heart
56
Vasomotor control centre | VCC
Controls vascular shunt | Sends signals to blood vessels
57
Change in blood flow from rest to exercise
More oxygenated blood to muscle during exercise
58
Pre capillary sphincter
Band of smooth muscle | Adjusts blood flow into capillaries
59
What happens to blood flow during exercise
Pre capillary sphincter close so there is reduction in blood flow
60
What structures made that change happen
Pre capillary sphincter think they're open so they use vasoconstriction to close blood supply off
61
Sympathetic stimulator
VCC alters the level is stimulation sent to the arterioles and PCS at different sites in the body
62
Receptors for VCC
Chemoreceptors | Baroreceptors
63
Increased sympathetic stimulation
Close pcs Makes muscle harder and construct Redirects blood away from where it's not needed Blood flow reduces
64
Decreases sympathetic stimulation
Decreases stimulation opens pcs Muscle softer and dilated Vasodilation of pcs
65
Sympathetic stimulation during rest
Chemoreceptors tell VCC o2 and PH steady No change from baroreceptors Increasing blood flow to organs Decreases SS pcs open relaxes Decreasing blood flow to muscles Increased SS Pcs closes
66
Sympathetic stimulation during exercise
Chemo- increase in LA and CO2, decrease in PH and O2 Baro- BP Increase Decrease blood flow to organs Increase SA Pcs vasoconstriction Increase blood flow to muscles Decrease SS pcs dilates

pe mrR (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions