Cardiovascular System

Question 1

What is the largest artery in the body that transports blood from the left ventricle to the systemic circulation?

Answer 1

Aorta

Question 2

What is the artery of the lower arm that is felt when taking the pulse at the thumb side of the wrist?

Answer 2

Radial

Question 3

What is the major artery supplying the leg?

Answer 3

Femoral

Question 4

What is the artery located behind the knee?

Answer 4

Poplilteal

Question 5

What is the artery supplying the foot behind the medial ankle?

Answer 5

Posterior Tibial

Question 6

What is the Artery supplying the foot, lateral to the large tendon of the big toe?

Answer 6

Dorsalis Pedis

Question 7

What are the two major veins that return blood from the body to the right atrium?

Answer 7

Vena Cava

Question 8

What is the vein that empties directly into the superior vena cava and reflects the activity of the right side of the heart?

Answer 8

Jugular

Question 9

What is the common site of intravenous catheter insertion in the antecubital space?

Answer 9

Median Basilic

Question 10

What encloses the heart?

Answer 10

pericardium

Question 11

What are the three layers of the heart?

Answer 11

epicardium, myocardium and endocardium

Question 12

What valve between the right atria and right venticle?

Answer 12

Tricuspid valve

Question 13

Where does the right atrium receive blood from?

Answer 13

Superior and inferior vena cava and the coronary sinus

Question 14

Which part of the heart forms the most anterior surface of the heart?

Answer 14

right ventricle

Question 15

What forms the apex of the heart?

Answer 15

Left venticle

Question 16

Which valves prevent blood flow form the venticles back into the atria?

Answer 16

Atrioventricular valves (Tricuspid and Mitral/Bicuspid)

Question 17

Which valves allow ejection of blood from the heart into the arteries but prevent back flow of blood into the ventricles?

Answer 17

Semilunar (Pulmonic/Aoritc)

Question 18

Which component in the blood contains dissolved nutrients and carries certain crucial proteins such as clotting factors?

Answer 18

Plasma

Question 19

Which component of the blood contains specialized molecules called hemoglobin that bind to oxygen and are responsible for oxygen delivery to the cells?

Answer 19

Red Blood Cells

Question 20

What component of the blood fights infection by destroying microorganisms and produce antibodies to resist infection and protect the body from disease?

Answer 20

White Blood Cells

Question 21

What component of the blood forms clots?

Answer 21

Platelets

Question 22

What branch of the nervous system plays a major role in controlling vessel diameter?

Answer 22

Autonomic nervous system

Question 23

Which branch of the Autonomic nervous system prepares the body to expend energy which allows the blood vessels to constrict?

Answer 23

Sympathetic

Question 24

Which branch on the autonomic nervous system allows blood vessels to return to a relaxed state?

Answer 24

Parasympathetic

Question 25

Approximately how many miles of blood vessels does the heart circulate blood through?

Answer 25

75,000 miles

Question 26

Which circulatory system pumps oxygenated blood from the lungs out into the vessels of the body?

Answer 26

Systemic

Question 27

Which circulatory system receives deoxygenated blood from the body and sends it to the lungs for oxygenation?

Answer 27

Pulmonary

Question 28

What are the components of the conduction system?

Answer 28

``` Sinoatrial node (pacemaker) Atrioventricular node Atriventricular bundle (budle of his) Right and left bundle branches conduction myofibers (Purkinje finbers) ```

Question 29

Deoxygenated blood from what region of the body drains into the right atrium via the superior vena cava?

Answer 29

head neck upper limbs

Question 30

Deoxygenated blood from what regions of the body drain into the right atrium via the inferior vena cava?

Answer 30

abdomen pelvis lower limbs

Question 31

What creates S1?

Answer 31

Closure of the atrioventricular valves

Question 32

What creates S2?

Answer 32

Closure of the Semilunar valves

Question 33

What are the slender fibrous threads that connect the valve cusps to the papillary muscles?

Answer 33

Chordae tendineae

Question 34

What part of the heart makes up a substantial part of the apex?

Answer 34

Left ventricle

Question 35

What percentage of the body is made of water?

Answer 35

60%

Question 36

What are the three spaces water is divided into?

Answer 36

Intacellular (70%) Intravascular (5%) Interstitial (25%)

Question 37

When conducting a cardiovascular assessment, what are some things you should inspect for?

Answer 37

Cyanosis Capillary refill time Skin Turgor Edema

Question 38

When conducting a cardiovascular assessment what are some things you should notice while palpating?

Answer 38

whether skin is warm, pink and dry vs pale and clammy | Palpate peripheral or central pulse, noting quality, regularity and symmetry

Question 39

Where should you auscultate the heart?

Answer 39

at the apex in the fifth left intercostal space at the midclavicular line

Question 40

What are some conditions that may result in anemia?

Answer 40

Trauma, sudden massive bleeding, heavy menstrual period, or GI blood loss

Question 41

What term describes an lack of normal number of RBCs?

Answer 41

anemia

Question 42

What is the emergency care fro a patient with sickle cell anemia?

Answer 42

Administer oxygen, monitor patients with high fever for signs of hypoperfusion and treat for shock as necessary

Question 43

What term describes conditions that block or narrow the arteries of the heart?

Answer 43

Coronary Artery Disease

Question 44

What term describes a clot that breaks off into circulation?

Answer 44

embolism

Question 45

What are the risk factors for CAD?

Answer 45

``` Hypertension Obesity Lack of Exercise Elevated cholesterol and triglycerides Cigarette smoking ```

Question 46

What term refers to anytime the heart may not be getting enough blood?

Answer 46

Acute Coronary syndrome

Question 47

What are some late signs of shock?

Answer 47

Drop in BP, thirst, dilated pupils, cyanosis

Question 48

What are the classic symptoms of hypovolemic shock?

Answer 48

Neck veins are flat Mucous membranes are dry Extremities are cold

Question 49

What are the classic symptoms of cardiogenic shock?

Answer 49

JVD Mucous membranes are moist Extremities are cold