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Human Biology Course > Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

Cardiovascular System Flashcards

(48 cards)

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1
Q

Cardio=

Vascular=

A

Cardio=heart

Vascular=network of blood vessels

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2
Q

Heart synopsis

A

In thoracic cavity
Thoracic wall consists of muscle, ribcage and skin
Thoracic cage = rib cage

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3
Q

The Heart Walls

A 
Endocardium
Myocardium
Epicardium 
Pericardium
Parietal layer
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4
Q

Endocardium

A

Thin layer of simple squamous endothelium layer for the lining of the inside of the heart chambers

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5
Q

Myocardium

A

Majority of the wall
Made of cardiac muscle
Cardiomyocytes (heart muscle) connected by intercalated discs to make cardiac muscle

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6
Q

Epicardium

A

Thin transparent outer layer consisting of connective tissue

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7
Q

Pericardium

A

Special membrane, encloses heart holds heart in place

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8
Q

Parietal layer

A

Outer layer

Contains serous fluid to lubricate heart and prevents friction

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9
Q

Blood flow of right heart chamber

Deoxygenated blood

A

Superior+ inferior vena cava carry blood from upper + lower body
Enters right atrium
Atria contracts
Opens right atrioventricular
Right ventricle contracts -> closes right atrioventricular valve
Opens pulmonary semilunar valve to eject blood to pulmonary arteries leading blood to the lungs

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10
Q

Blood flow of the left heart chamber

Oxygenated blood

A

Pulmonary veins from lungs to left atrium
Left atrioventricular valve opens from contraction of atria
Enters left ventricle
Left ventricle contracts -> left atrioventricular valve closes -> aortic valve opens
Sends blood to aorta to supply the body blood

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11
Q

Name the 4 heart valves

A

The left atrioventricular valve
The pulmonary senilunar valve
The right atrioventricular valve
The aortic valve

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12
Q

Elastic arteries

A

E.g aorta
Tunica externa: Thin layer of connective tissue
Tunica media: Mainly consists of collagen + elastin filaments to withstand high pressure from the blood pumping in the heart
Tunica intima: Thin layer (thinnest put of all arteries)

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13
Q

Muscular artery

A

Tunica externa: Thick layer of connective tissue
Tunica media: Consists of circularly arranged smooth muscles
Tunica intima: Thicker layer than elastic artery
Distributes blood to body

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14
Q

Arterioles

A

Tunica externa: Consists of connective tissue
Tunica media: two layer of smooth muscle cells. If the artery is smaller it may have one layer of smooth muscle
Tunica intima: Consists of continuous endothelium and thin subendothelial layer

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15
Q

Arteries to vein

A

Arteries -> arterioles -> capillaries -> venules -> veins

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16
Q

Continuous Capillary

A

Complete endothelial lining
Complete basement membrane
Intercellular cleft in tunica intima

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17
Q

Fenestrated Capillary

A

Pores in endothelial lining allowing rapid exchange of water + solites between blood + intersitial fluid
Same complete basement membrane

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18
Q

Sinusoid Capillaries

A

Incomplete basement membrane
Intercellular gap
Flattened or irregular compared to fenestrated capillaries
Basement membrane is thinner or absent allowing free exchange of water + solutes

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19
Q

Venules

A

Larger than capillaries (20-60 micrometers in diameters)
Thinner wall
50microm > venules no tunica media

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20
Q

Large veins

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A

Tunica externa
Thick, consists of elastic + collagen fibres
Contains a mixture of smooth muscle cells, vasa vasorum + nervi vasorum inside

21
Q

Medium sized veins

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A

Tunica externa: Muscle cells, vasa vasorum + nervi vasorumin the thinner vein
Tunica media: Thin, contains few smooth muscle cells
Tunica intima: Valves - folds of tunica intima that permit blood flow in one direction

22
Q

Right subclavian artery

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A

Supplying blood to the shoulder + upper limb at the right side

23
Q

Right common carotid artery

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A

Supply blood to the neck + head at the right side

24
Q

Left common carotid artery

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A

Supplies blood to the left side of the neck + head

25
Left subclavian artery
Supplies blood on the shoulder and upper limb at the left side
26
Thoracic aorta
Supplies blood to branches that service the tissue + organs of the mediastinum, muscle in the chest + diaphragm + thoracic spinal cord
27
Abdominal aorta
Delivers blood to all the abdominopelvic organs + structure Divides into a pair of elastic arteries -right common iliac artery -left common iliac artery Carry blood to pelvis and lower limbs
28
Subclavian artery
Cross the upper border of the first ribs Cross the axillae to enter arms + become axillary arteries Leads to huneral circumflex artery
29
Humeral circumflex artery
Supply structures near the head of the humerus | Leads to brachial artery
30
Brachial artery
Supply blood to the rest of the upper limb
31
Radial + Ulnar artery
Deliver blood to forearm + hand
32
Radial + Ulnar vein
Return blood from forearm and hand fuse to form brachial vein Leads to basilic + brachial vein (humerus)
33
Basilic + brachial vein leads to what vein?
Axillary vein
34
Cephalic vein
Ascends along the radial side of the forearm to reach the superior aspect of the scapula
35
Median anterbrachial vein
Ascends on ulnar side of the front of the forearm ends at the basilic vein
36
Median Cupital vein
Connects the cephalic to the basilica vein medially + at an oblique angle Behind the elbow
37
Subclavian veins ->
Brachiocephalic veins -> superior vena cava
38
Right common carotid artery
Bifurcates into the external carotid artery and internal carotid internal artery
39
External carotid artery
``` Supplies blood to the numerous structures within the face Lower jaw Neck Oesophagus Larynx ```
40
Internal carotid artery
Surpasses carotid canal of temporal bone to supply blood to the brain
41
Right subclavian artery
Branches to the right vertebral artery this is the same for the left subclavian artery and its left vertebral artery
42
Left and right internal carotid artery and branches of the vertebral arteries
Arterial circle / circle of willis
43
Intercranial sinuses
Sagittal sinuses Inferior sagittal sinuses Straight sinus
44
Superior sagittal sinus
Midsagittally between the meningeal + periosteak layers of the dura mater within the falx cerebri Largest sinus receiving blood from most of veins on the superior surface of the cerebrum
45
Smaller vessels ->
Inferior cerebral veins -> Great Cerebral vein -> straight sinus
46
Confluence of sinus
Connecting point to receive blood from the sagittal sinus, straight sinus, occipital sinus
47
Transverse sinuses
Flow into the sigmoid sinuses that pass through the jugular foramen + internal jugular vein Parallel to common carotid artery
48
Vertebral veins
Veins drain cervical vertebrae + posterior of the skull Parallel to vertebral arteries Empty into the brachiocephalic vein to return to superior vena cava

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