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Cardiovascular System Flashcards

1
Q

Endocardium

A

Inner lining of the heart. This layer of endothelial cells lines the chamber and valves within the heart

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2
Q

Myocardium

A

Muscle layer of the heart. This is literally the heart muscle and gives the heart the power to push the blood throughout the body

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3
Q

Pericardium

A

Membrane surrounding the heart. This membrane is actually a two-layer sac made up of visceral pericardium and parietal pericardium. This visceral layer adheres to the heart, whereas the parietal layer lines the fibrous outer portion of the pericardium. The space between the heart and the pericardium is termed the precardial space is a fluid that acts as a lubricant got the membranes as the heart beats. This fluid is called pericardial fluid

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4
Q

The flow of blood

A

Venal Cavae-right atrium-tricuspid valve-right ventricle-pulmonary valve-pulmonary arteries-lungs-pulmonary veins-left atrium-bicuspid valve-left ventricle-aortic valve-aorta-body

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5
Q

White lead
Green lead
Black lead
Red lead

A

Right front
Right rear
Left front
Left rear

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6
Q

P wave

A

Represents atrial function, specifically depolarisation or excitation of the atria

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7
Q

PR segment

A

Represents conduction through the AV node

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8
Q

QRS wave

A

Represents ventricular function, specifically the excitation of the ventricules

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9
Q

ST segment

A

Represents the end of ventricular depolarisation and the onset of ventricular depolarisation

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10
Q

T wave

A

Represents the relaxation phase from the contraction. This is the recovery (repolarisation) of the ventricles

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11
Q

Aorta

A

Largest artery in the body

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12
Q

Aortic valve

A

Valve between the left ventricle and aorta

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13
Q

Apex

A

Pointed end of the heart

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14
Q

Artery

A

A large vessel that carries blood away from the heart

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15
Q

Atrioventricular bundle

A

Specialised muscle fibres in the interventricular septum that carry electrical impulses to the ventricules. Also called the bundle of His

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16
Q

AV node

A

Specialised tissue in the interatrial septum; carries impulses from the SA node to the walls of the ventricles

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17
Q

AV valve

A

Valves between the atria and ventricles

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18
Q

Atrium

A

Two upper heart chambers

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19
Q

Bas

A

Cranial portion of the head

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20
Q

Bicuspid valve

A

Valve between the left atrium and left ventricle. Also called the mitral valve or left AV valve

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21
Q

Bifurcat

A

Splitting into two branches

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22
Q

Capillaries

A

Smallest blood vessels

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23
Q

Carbon dioxide

A

Gas released by tissue cells and transported to the heart and lungs for exhalation

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24
Q

Coronary arteries

A

Supply blood and oxygen to the myocardium

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25
Deoxygenated blood
Oxygen-poor blood
26
Diastole
The relaxation phase of the heartbeat
27
Endocardium
Inner lining of the heart
28
Endothelium
Epithelial cells lining the heart cavity and vessels
29
Myocardium
Muscle layer of the heart
30
Oxygen
Gas that entered the blood through the lungs and travels to the heart to be pumped to the rest of the body
31
Oxygenated blood
Oxygen-rich blood
32
Pericardium
Membrane surrounding the heart
33
Pulmonary artery
Artery that carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs
34
Pulmonary circulation
Flow of blood from the heart, to the lungs, and back to the heart
35
Pulmonary valve
Valve between the right ventricle and pulmonary artery
36
Pulmonary veins
Veins that cart oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart
37
Pulse
Heartbeat felt through the walls of the arteries. A bounding pulse is a strong and powerful pulse. A thready pulse is a pulse that's difficult to feel
38
Semilunar valves
Valves between the entrances of the aorta and pulmonary artery. Referred to as semilunar because they are shaped like a half-moon
39
Septum
Partition
40
Sinoatrial node
Pacemaker of the heart
41
Sinus rhythm
Normal heart rhythm
42
Systemic circulation
Flow of blood from the body cells to the heart and back out to the body cells
43
Systole
Contraction phase of the heart
44
Valves
Structures in veins and in the heart that temporarily close an opening so that blood can flow in one direction
45
Vein
Thin-walled vessel that carries blood toward the heart
46
Vena cavae
Largest veins in the body
47
Ventricles
Two lower chambers of the heart
48
Aneurysm
Sac (dilation) formed by weakening of a blood vessel. Can lead to hemorrhage stroke
49
Arrhythmia
Abnormal heart rhythm. Also called dysrhythmia
50
Asystole
Without contraction; lack of heart activity
51
Atherosclerosis
Hardening of arteries due to plaque buildup
52
Atrial septal defect (ASD)
Small hole(s) in the interatrial septum
53
Auscultation
Listening with a stethoscope to sounds within the body. Thoracic auscultation is often used to listen to heart and breath sounds. Abdominal auscultation is often used to listen to gut sounds
54
Cardiac hypertrophy (HCM)
Enlargement of the heart due to increased cell size
55
Cardiac Tamponade
Compression of the heart due to fluid or blood in the pericardial sac
56
Congenital heart disease (CHD)
Abnormalities of the heart at birth
57
Congestive heart failure (CHF)
Heart is unable to pump it's required of blood
58
Capillary refill time (CRT)
The time it takes for the mucous membranes to return to a normal pink colour after applying finger pressure
59
Defibrillation
Use of electrical shock to restore normal heart rhythm
60
Echocardiogram (ECHO)
High-frequency sound waves and echoes that produce an image of the heart
61
Embolism
Blockage of a vessel by a clot or foreign material
62
Embolus
A detached, moving clot
63
Fibrillation
Rapid, random, and irregular contractions of the heart
64
Flutter
Rapid but regular contractions of the atria and ventricles. Can be further isolated as an atrial flutter or ventricle flutter depending on the Chamber involved
65
Heart worm disease
Infestation of the parasite Dirofilaria immitis in the right ventricle and pulmonary arteries. Transmitted after a blood meal from a mosquito
66
Hyperemia
Excessive blood in a body part. This usually occurs due to vasodilation
67
Hypertension
Increased blood pressure
68
Hypotension
Decreased blood pressure
69
Hypoxia
Decreased oxygen to tissues
70
Infarction
Area of dead tissue
71
Ischemia
Lack of blood flow to tissues
72
Ligate
To tie off a vessel to prevent bleeding or to constrict tissue using ligature. Ligature is material such as a thread or wire.
73
Mitral valve prolapse (MVP)
Displacement of the bicuspid valve leading to incomplete closure of the valve during ventricular contraction
74
Murmur
An extra heart sound
75
Occlusion
Blockage; obstruction if closure of body passage
76
Patent
Open; unobstructed. Term can be used to describe vessels and catheters
77
Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)
Condition in which the smell duct between the aorta and pulmonary artery, which Norma,my closes after birth, remains open. The duct itself I'd called the ductus arteriosus. PDA causes continuous murmur, fatigue, and exercise intolerance. It is most common heart malformation in dogs and is most often seen in collies, shelties, old English sheepdogs, and Pomeranians
78
Perfusion (tissue perfusion)
Passage of fluid through the blood vessels if a specific organ; blood flow through the tissue
79
Pericardial effusion
Escape of fluid into the pericardial sac leading to cardiac Tamponade. An effusion is an escape of fluid and can occur anywhere in the body
80
Premature ventricular contraction (PVC, VPC)
Ventricles are triggered to contract by the Purkinje fibres rather than SA node
81
Shock
Inadequate tissue perfusion. Blood pools in the capillaries to increase the blood volume of the patient, which then decreases its flow to vital organs
82
Sphygmomanometer
Instrument that measures arterial blood pressure
83
Stent
Small expander inserted into tubular structure such as vessels to provide support and prevent collapse
84
Stethoscope
Instrument used to listen to sounds within the body
85
Tetralogy if Fallot
Congenital malformation of the heart that combines four structural defects; pulmonary artery stenosis, ventricular septal defect, aortic right shift, and right ventricular hypertrophy
86
Thrill
Vibration felt on palpation of the chest. Usually caused by turbulence in the heart
87
Thrombus
Stationary clot attached to the wall of a vessel
88
Ventricular septal defect (VSD)
Small hole(s) in the interventricular septum. Causes shunting of the blood and therefore deoxygenated blood is pumped to the rest of the body
89
Vasoconstriction
Narrowing of a vessel
90
Vasodilation
Expansion of a vessel

VETS1005 (11 decks)

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