Cardiovascular System and Exercise Flashcards
(105 cards)
1
Q
strength power is what kind of energy
A
ATP
2
Q
sustained power is what kind of energy
A
ATP + PCr
3
Q
anaerobic power endurance is what kind of energy
A
ATP + PCr + Lactic Acid
4
Q
aerobic endurance is what kind of energy
A
ETC
oxidative phosphorylation
5
Q
powerlift
A
ATP
6
Q
high jump
A
ATP
7
Q
javelin throw
A
ATP
8
Q
golf swing
A
ATP
9
Q
tennis serve
A
ATP
10
Q
sprints
A
ATP + PCr
11
Q
fast breaks
A
ATP + PCr
12
Q
football time play
A
ATP + PCr
13
Q
gymnastics routine
A
ATP + PCr
14
Q
200-400 m dash
A
ATP + PCr + Lactic Acid
15
Q
100 m swim
A
ATP + PCr + Lactic Acid
16
Q
beyond 800 m run
A
ETC
OP
17
Q
- delivers oxygen to tissues
- conduit for acceptance and transfer of O and CO2
- regulates body temp
- delivers nutrients to tissues
- transports hormones
Functions of:
A
CV system
18
Q
how much blood goes out
A
stroke volume
19
Q
how much the heart beats
A
cardiac output
20
Q
cardiac output formula
A
CO = SV x HR
21
Q
volume of blood that returns to the heart and puts a stretch on the walls of the left ventricle
A
preload
22
Q
the pressure against which the LV has to pump
A
afterload
23
Q
the volume in the LV at the end of diastole
A
EDV (end diastolic volume)
24
Q
the volume in the LV at the end of systole
A
ESV (end systolic volume)
25
percent of blood in the LV pumped out with each beat; normal is about 55%
ejection fraction
26
explain Ficks equation
basically the amount of oxygen breathing in to the amount of oxygen reaching the muscles
27
what is the average cardiac output at REST for males and females
5 L/min males
| 4 L/min females
28
difference between cardiac output and how much is used at rest
oxygen reserve
29
at rest, how many ml/min is used?
250-300
30
heart rate is regulated extrinsically by what two things?
direct neural supply
| indirect chemical messengers
31
chemical messengers of SNS
catecholamines
32
two types of catecholamines
epinephrin and norepinephrin
33
releases glucoses; stops blood from going into GI system and skin b/c you don't need blood there when exercising
norepinephrine
34
what nerve decreases HR
| - chronotropy
vagus nerve
35
+ inotropy means?
increasing contraction
36
+ chronotropy means?
increases HR
37
myocardium's primary energy system is?
aerobic
38
blood pressure formula
BP = CO x TPR
39
blood pressure formula in words
how much volume your heart can pump times the resistance to blood flow
40
occurs during heart relaxation
diastolic BP
41
if diastolic BP is high, then?
you have some resistance in blood vessel
42
anatomy of peripheral vasculature
arteries --> arterioles --> meta arterioles --> capillaries
43
arterioles play a large role in?
manipulating TPR
44
crossing guard at the street
they can shut off blood flow or redirect it
comes into play when exercising so blood goes into muscles
meta arterioles
45
delivers oxygen to the muscles
capillaries
46
arterioles have the ability to
vasoconstrict and dilate
47
how much of blood is at rest in the veins
60%
48
one way valves; relies on outside pressure changes to move blood back to heart
veins and venules
49
movement of air through the conduction system; air movement b/w environment and the lungs
ventilation
50
refers to gas exchange
respiration
51
respiration aka gas exchange occurs where?
alveoli
52
conducting zone is what?
trachea to bronchioles
53
respiratory zone is what?
respiratory bronchioles to alveolar sacs
54
Fick's law is?
the rate of transfer of gas
55
Fick's law is proportional to what 2 things:
tissue area
| difference in partial pressure
56
Fick's law is inversely proportional to?
tissue thickness
57
expiration is what type of process?
passive
58
static lung volume is?
total lung capacity
59
dynamic lung volume is?
forced
60
dynamic lung volume depends on what 2 factors?
volume and speed of air moved
61
how much avg tidal volume does someone have?
500-600 ml
62
amount of TLC
4-6 L
63
amount of vital capacity (VC)
4-5 L
64
range of minute ventilation
4-10 L/min
65
most aerobically trained individuals increase what first?
increase tidal volume first and then rate
66
formula for minute ventilation
minute V= RR x TV
67
each molecule in a gas exerts its own partial pressure defines what?
Dalton's law
68
the rate of gas diffusion is what law?
Henry's Law
69
function of hemoglobin
binds O2 for transport and delivery
70
oxygen is dissolved where and combined with what?
dissolves in plasma
| combines with hemoglobin
71
normal HgB levels for men women and children
women 12-15 g/dL
men 13-18 g/dL
children 11-16 g/dL
72
decrease in pH or increase in temperature shifts the curve to the ?? and this is known as ??
curve to the right
| known as the Bohr effect
73
what is 2,3 dpg?
an acid; red blood cells that utilize glycolysis for energy production
74
when is 2,3 dpg produced?
during glycolysis
75
what does 2,3 dpg do?
combines with hemoglobin and decreases its ability to "hold onto" oxygen
76
iron containing protein in skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle
myoglobin
77
dissolved in plasma
combined with hemoglobin
combined in plasma with bicarbonate
carbon dioxide
78
respiratory control center is located where?
pons and medulla in the brainstem
79
the inspiratory neurons in the medulla do what?
activate the diaphragm and intercostals
80
the expiratory neurons in the medulla do what?
stop inspiration because expiration is passive
81
what does the hypothalamus tell us about breathing?
tells us how fast we should breathe so it affects the rate
82
what structure in the hypothalamus affects the rate?
descending neurons
83
what do the ascending neurons in the hypothalamus do?
modulates breathing cycle
84
at rest what is the primary stimulus for ventilation/respiration?
pCO2
85
what 2 things cause a drop in pH stimulating the neural center to increase minute ventilation?
elevated pCO2 and lactic acid levels
86
Before we take the first step to exercise, the medulla does what?
decrease in PNS tone
87
What does the decrease in PNS tone do to heart rate?
increases it
88
For further increases in heart rate and exercise, theres a direct __________ input via cardiac plexus
sympathetic
89
with exercise, increased oxygen delivery primarily occurs through?
increased blood FLOW
90
What symptoms might one have if there is decreased flow?
chest pain --> goes into anaerobic metabolism
91
You can estimate myocardial workload by?
rate pressure product (RPP)
or
HR x SBP
92
So…if a person’s BP is elevated and/or they have plaque in the arteries, oxygen consumption of the myocardium is ?
elevated
93
steady state means what?
oxygen demands are meeting oxygen needs
94
untrained cardiac output at max is how much?
22-25 L/min
95
endurance athlete cardiac output max is how much?
35-40 L/min
96
increased end diastolic volume (preload) enhances cross bridging
Frank Starlings law
97
During steady rate exercise, SBP should increase by how much?
8-12 mm Hg for each MET
98
In steady rate exercise, SBP usually plateaus around ?
140-160
99
In steady rate exercise, what happens to diastolic BP?
stays level
merp.. +/- 10
100
What happens to TPR when exercising?
significantly decreases
101
Name and classify the two types of muscle fibers:
type 1 - slow twitch
| type 2- fast twitch
102
What happens to plasma after 1 week of no training?
plasma volumes return to baseline
103
Comparing stroke volume and heart rate, which increases first?
For trained athletes: increase stroke volume first
| For untrained: heart rate increases first
104
High exercise intensity achieved with
lactate threshold
105
Is a healthy individuals performance limited by performance?
NO
