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BIO 226: Anatomy & Physiology 2 > Cardiovascular System: Blood > Flashcards

Cardiovascular System: Blood Flashcards

1
Q

What type of tissue is blood

A

connective tissue

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2
Q

What percent of blood is made up of plasma

A

55%

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3
Q

what percent of blood if formed elements

A

45%

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4
Q

neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils are all a type of

A

leukocyte

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5
Q

what percent of your total body weight is made of blood

A

8%

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6
Q

what is used to describe the volume (percentage) of red blood cells in blood

A

hematocrit

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7
Q

what is the condition that results in decreased hematocrit values

A

anemia

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8
Q

what is it called when you have elevated hematocrit levels

A

physiological polycythemia

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9
Q

what is the thin white layer of leukocytes and platelets between the red blood cells and plasma

A

Buffy coat

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10
Q

what are proteins in blood plasma called

A

colloids

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11
Q

what are molecules that ionize in solution (get a positive or negative charge)

A

electrolytes

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12
Q

what are molecules that do not ionize in solution

A

nonelectrolytes

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13
Q

blood plasma proteins are synthesize by what cells

A

liver cells

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14
Q

what is the fluid left over after formed elements are removed

A

blood plasma

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15
Q

what is the fluid left over after formed elevens and clotting factors are removed

A

blood serum

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16
Q

what protein plays a critical role in the transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide

A

hemoglobin

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17
Q

what is it called when an adult has a hemoglobin content of less than 10 grams per 100 mL of blood

A

anemia

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18
Q

what is the formation of red blood cells called

A

erythropoiesis

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19
Q

where does the formation of red blood cells start

A

in red bone marrow (in adults)

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20
Q

what is a glycoprotein hormone that is secreted by the kidneys when oxygen levels are low

A

erythropoietin

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21
Q

how long to RBCs usually last

A

105-120 days

22
Q

what is transported to bone marrow to recycle

A

iron

23
Q

what is transported to liver where it is transformed into bile (secreted into the small intestine)

A

bilirubin

24
Q

what blood type does not contain either antigen A or B

A

Type O

25
Q

what are you if Rh antigen is present on RBCs

A

Rh positive

26
Q

what are you if Rh antigen is not present on RBCs

A

Rh negative

27
Q

what are neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils

A

granulocytes

28
Q

what are lymphocytes and monocytes

A

agranulocytes

29
Q

What is the function of neutrophils

A

fight against bacterial infections

30
Q

What is the function of eosinophils

A

protect against infections caused by parasitic worms and involved in regulating allergic reactions

31
Q

What is the function of basophils

A

they contain histamine (inflammatory chemical) and heparin (anticoagulants)

32
Q

What is the function of T lymphocytes

A

attacks viruses, cancer cells, and transplanted tissue

33
Q

What is the function of B lymphocytes

A

produces antibodies against specific antigens

34
Q

What is the function of Natural killer lymphocytes (NK lymphocytes)

A

it pokes holes in spontaneously arising tumor cells

35
Q

What is the function of monocytes

A

phagocytic cells that engulf large bacterial organisms and viral-infected cells

36
Q

what is leukopenia

A

decrease in WBC numbers

37
Q

what is leukocytosis

A

increase in WBC numbers

38
Q

where does leukopoiesis start

A

hematopoietic stem cells

39
Q

what plays an important role in hemostasis

A

platelets

40
Q

what is the process that slows and stops bleeding when a vessel is injured

A

hemostasis

41
Q

vasoconstriction, platelet plug formation, and blood clotting (coagulation) are the three phases of what

A

hemostasis

42
Q

activation pathway (intrinsic and extrinsic), thrombin formation, and fibrin clot formation are the three phases of what

A

coagulation

43
Q

what is the series of reactions beginning with factors normally present outside of the blood (damaged tissue)

A

extrinsic clotting pathway

44
Q

what is the series of reactions that begin with factors normally present in the blood

A

intrinsic pathway

45
Q

what stage does prothrombin activator cause prothrombin to be converted into thrombin

A

thrombin formation

46
Q

what stage does thrombin cause fibrinogen to become fibrin and then fibrin will begin to polymerize and tangle together to form a web

A

fibrin clot formation

47
Q

what are fibrinogen and prothrombin synthesized by

A

the liver

48
Q

what do many clotting factors require

A

calcium

49
Q

perfectly smooth surface of the endothelial lining of blood vessels, blood containing antithrombins, and “blood-thinning” drugs are conditions that do what

A

oppose clotting

50
Q

rough spot in the endothelium, abnormally slow blood flow, and coagulation continues through a positive feedback loop are conditions that do what

A

encourage clotting

51
Q

what is the breakdown of clots called

A

fibrinolysis

BIO 226: Anatomy & Physiology 2 (7 decks)

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