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BIO 226: Anatomy & Physiology 2 > Cardiovascular system: blood vessels and hemodynamics > Flashcards

Cardiovascular system: blood vessels and hemodynamics Flashcards

1
Q

what is the development of blood vessels

A

angiogenesis

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2
Q

what conducts blood away from the heart

A

arteries

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3
Q

what is the small vessels that permit gas, nutrient, and waste exchange

A

capillaries

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4
Q

what conducts toward the heart

A

veins

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5
Q

what are the three types of arteries

A

elastic, muscular, and arterioles

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6
Q

what are the largest arteries in the body that are also known as conducting arteries

A

elastic arteries

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7
Q

what are the distributing arteries that carry blood to specific organs of the body and have a thick layer

A

muscular arteries

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8
Q

what are the resistance vessels that are the smallest and can contract smooth muscle in their walls

A

arterioles

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9
Q

what is a short connecting vessel between an arteriole and its branching capillaries

A

metarterioles

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10
Q

where does transfer of nutrients, gases, and waste occur

A

capillaries

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11
Q

what are the three types of capillaries

A

continuous, fenestrated, and sinusoids

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12
Q

what type of capillaries have continuous lining of endothelial cells and only have a small opening in the walls

A

continuous capillaries

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13
Q

what type of capillaries have intercellular clefts and small holes or fenestrations

A

fenestrated capillaries

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14
Q

what type of capillaries has a wider lumen, has fenestrations that are larger, and has an incomplete or lacking basement membrane

A

sinusoid capillaries

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15
Q

what carries blood towards the heart

A

veins

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16
Q

what receives blood from the met arterioles

A

venules

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17
Q

what receives blood from venules

A

veins

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18
Q

what is the venous structures that contain no smooth muscle cells

A

venous sinus

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19
Q

what kind of tissue is made of simple squamous epithelium and makes the inside layer of the vessels

A

endothelial tissue

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20
Q

what kind of tissue is made of protein strands woven in the vascular wall and is fairly flexible but still provides a great amount of support

A

collagen fibers

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21
Q

what kind of tissue is highly stretchable and allows for recoil after distention and maintains passive tension in the vessels

A

elastic fibers

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22
Q

what kind of tissue is not found in capillaries is involuntary muscle and responsible for dilating/constricting the blood vessels

A

smooth muscle tissue

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23
Q

what is the outermost layer of blood vessels

A

tunica externa

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24
Q

what layer of the blood vessels is made of fibrous connective tissue and in veins it is the thickest layer but it is thinner in arteries

A

tunica externa

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25
Q

what is the middle layer of blood vessel

A

tunica media

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26
Q

what layer of the blood vessels is made of smooth muscle and elastic fibers and is very thick in arteries and much thinner in veins

A

tunica media

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27
Q

what is the innermost layer of the blood vessels

A

tunica intima

28
Q

what layer of the blood vessels is made up of endothelium and its basement membrane and is completely smooth in arteries and forms valves in veins

A

tunica intima

29
Q

what type of circulation is blood flow from the heart to all parts of the body (except the lungs)

A

systemic circulation

30
Q

what type of circulation is blood flow to the lungs

A

pulmonary circulation

31
Q

in general how many capillary systems will blood pass through before going back to the heart

A

one

32
Q

what are two exceptions to the blood passing through one capillary system before going back to the heart

A

portal system and vascular anastomosis

33
Q

the ascending aorta then goes to the

A

coronary arteries

34
Q

what are the three branches of the arch of the aorta

A

brachiocephalic trunk, left common carotid artery, and left subclavian artery

35
Q

what supplies the pelvis with blood

A

internal iliac

36
Q

what supplies the lower limbs with blood

A

external iliac

37
Q

what veins is often used during a coronary bypass surgery

A

great saphenous vein

38
Q

fetal blood receives oxygen and nutrients from

A

maternal blood

39
Q

what acts as the “lungs” and “digestive systems” for fetuses

A

placenta

40
Q

what carries fetal blood to the placenta in fetuses

A

umbilical arteries

41
Q

what returns oxygenated blood from the placenta

A

umbilical veins

42
Q

what is the continuation of umbilical veins that drains in to the inferior vena cava and is a way for blood to bypass the liver in fetuses

A

ductus venosus

43
Q

what is the opening in the septum between the right and left atria and a way for blood to bypass the right ventricle in fetuses

A

foramen ovale

44
Q

what is the small vessel connecting the pulmonary trunk with the aorta and another way for blood to bypass the lungs in fetuses

A

ductus arteriosis

45
Q

how many structures are no longer needed after birth

A

6

46
Q

what is a common cause of heart murmurs

A

the foramen ovalis not closing completely

47
Q

what is the mechanism that influences the change circulation of blood to maintain the body’s internal environment

A

hemodynamics

48
Q

where is blood pressure the highest

A

aorta

49
Q

the biggest change in blood pressure occurs as blood goes through what

A

arterioles

50
Q

what the volume of blood pumped out by each beat

A

stroke volume (SV)

51
Q

what is the equation for cardiac output

A

SV x HR = CO

52
Q

what are factors that affect heart rate

A

chronotropic factors

53
Q

what is the small dilation at the beginning of the internal carotid artery (just above the branching of the common carotid)

A

carotid sinus

54
Q

where are baroreceptors located

A

in the wall of the arch of the aorta

55
Q

what is the resistance to blood flow due to friction between blood and the walls of the vessels

A

peripheral resistance

56
Q

what is the smooth muscle control over the diameter of vessels which changes the amount of resistance

A

vasomotor mechanism

57
Q

what is the amount of blood returned to the heart by veins

A

venous return

58
Q

what is the exchange of materials between plasma in the capillaries and surrounding interstitial fluid of systemic tissue

A

capillary exchange

59
Q

what is the pressure the blood exerts agains a blood vessel wall

A

hydrostatic pressure

60
Q

blood pressure in an artery is much greater than the hydrostatic pressure of the interstitial fluid (fluid within the tissues is which side of capillaries

A

arterial

61
Q

loss of water (due to outwardly directed hydrostatic pressure in arteries) increases blood colloid pressure is which side of capillaries

A

venous

62
Q

what is the information about the force of ventricular contraction

A

systolic pressure

63
Q

what is the information about the resistance of blood vessels

A

diastolic pressure

64
Q

what is the average blood pressure in arteries

A

mean arterial pressure (MAP)

65
Q

what is the alternate expansion and recoil of an artery

A

pulse

BIO 226: Anatomy & Physiology 2 (7 decks)

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