Cardiovascular system: blood vessels and hemodynamics

Question 1

what is the development of blood vessels

Answer 1

angiogenesis

Question 2

what conducts blood away from the heart

Answer 2

arteries

Question 3

what is the small vessels that permit gas, nutrient, and waste exchange

Answer 3

capillaries

Question 4

what conducts toward the heart

Answer 4

veins

Question 5

what are the three types of arteries

Answer 5

elastic, muscular, and arterioles

Question 6

what are the largest arteries in the body that are also known as conducting arteries

Answer 6

elastic arteries

Question 7

what are the distributing arteries that carry blood to specific organs of the body and have a thick layer

Answer 7

muscular arteries

Question 8

what are the resistance vessels that are the smallest and can contract smooth muscle in their walls

Answer 8

arterioles

Question 9

what is a short connecting vessel between an arteriole and its branching capillaries

Answer 9

metarterioles

Question 10

where does transfer of nutrients, gases, and waste occur

Answer 10

capillaries

Question 11

what are the three types of capillaries

Answer 11

continuous, fenestrated, and sinusoids

Question 12

what type of capillaries have continuous lining of endothelial cells and only have a small opening in the walls

Answer 12

continuous capillaries

Question 13

what type of capillaries have intercellular clefts and small holes or fenestrations

Answer 13

fenestrated capillaries

Question 14

what type of capillaries has a wider lumen, has fenestrations that are larger, and has an incomplete or lacking basement membrane

Answer 14

sinusoid capillaries

Question 15

what carries blood towards the heart

Answer 15

veins

Question 16

what receives blood from the met arterioles

Answer 16

venules

Question 17

what receives blood from venules

Answer 17

veins

Question 18

what is the venous structures that contain no smooth muscle cells

Answer 18

venous sinus

Question 19

what kind of tissue is made of simple squamous epithelium and makes the inside layer of the vessels

Answer 19

endothelial tissue

Question 20

what kind of tissue is made of protein strands woven in the vascular wall and is fairly flexible but still provides a great amount of support

Answer 20

collagen fibers

Question 21

what kind of tissue is highly stretchable and allows for recoil after distention and maintains passive tension in the vessels

Answer 21

elastic fibers

Question 22

what kind of tissue is not found in capillaries is involuntary muscle and responsible for dilating/constricting the blood vessels

Answer 22

smooth muscle tissue

Question 23

what is the outermost layer of blood vessels

Answer 23

tunica externa

Question 24

what layer of the blood vessels is made of fibrous connective tissue and in veins it is the thickest layer but it is thinner in arteries

Answer 24

tunica externa

Question 25

what is the middle layer of blood vessel

Answer 25

tunica media

Question 26

what layer of the blood vessels is made of smooth muscle and elastic fibers and is very thick in arteries and much thinner in veins

Answer 26

tunica media

Question 27

what is the innermost layer of the blood vessels

Answer 27

tunica intima

Question 28

what layer of the blood vessels is made up of endothelium and its basement membrane and is completely smooth in arteries and forms valves in veins

Answer 28

tunica intima

Question 29

what type of circulation is blood flow from the heart to all parts of the body (except the lungs)

Answer 29

systemic circulation

Question 30

what type of circulation is blood flow to the lungs

Answer 30

pulmonary circulation

Question 31

in general how many capillary systems will blood pass through before going back to the heart

Answer 31

one

Question 32

what are two exceptions to the blood passing through one capillary system before going back to the heart

Answer 32

portal system and vascular anastomosis

Question 33

the ascending aorta then goes to the

Answer 33

coronary arteries

Question 34

what are the three branches of the arch of the aorta

Answer 34

brachiocephalic trunk, left common carotid artery, and left subclavian artery

Question 35

what supplies the pelvis with blood

Answer 35

internal iliac

Question 36

what supplies the lower limbs with blood

Answer 36

external iliac

Question 37

what veins is often used during a coronary bypass surgery

Answer 37

great saphenous vein

Question 38

fetal blood receives oxygen and nutrients from

Answer 38

maternal blood

Question 39

what acts as the "lungs" and "digestive systems" for fetuses

Answer 39

placenta

Question 40

what carries fetal blood to the placenta in fetuses

Answer 40

umbilical arteries

Question 41

what returns oxygenated blood from the placenta

Answer 41

umbilical veins

Question 42

what is the continuation of umbilical veins that drains in to the inferior vena cava and is a way for blood to bypass the liver in fetuses

Answer 42

ductus venosus

Question 43

what is the opening in the septum between the right and left atria and a way for blood to bypass the right ventricle in fetuses

Answer 43

foramen ovale

Question 44

what is the small vessel connecting the pulmonary trunk with the aorta and another way for blood to bypass the lungs in fetuses

Answer 44

ductus arteriosis

Question 45

how many structures are no longer needed after birth

Answer 45

6

Question 46

what is a common cause of heart murmurs

Answer 46

the foramen ovalis not closing completely

Question 47

what is the mechanism that influences the change circulation of blood to maintain the body's internal environment

Answer 47

hemodynamics

Question 48

where is blood pressure the highest

Answer 48

aorta

Question 49

the biggest change in blood pressure occurs as blood goes through what

Answer 49

arterioles

Question 50

what the volume of blood pumped out by each beat

Answer 50

stroke volume (SV)

Question 51

what is the equation for cardiac output

Answer 51

SV x HR = CO

Question 52

what are factors that affect heart rate

Answer 52

chronotropic factors

Question 53

what is the small dilation at the beginning of the internal carotid artery (just above the branching of the common carotid)

Answer 53

carotid sinus

Question 54

where are baroreceptors located

Answer 54

in the wall of the arch of the aorta

Question 55

what is the resistance to blood flow due to friction between blood and the walls of the vessels

Answer 55

peripheral resistance

Question 56

what is the smooth muscle control over the diameter of vessels which changes the amount of resistance

Answer 56

vasomotor mechanism

Question 57

what is the amount of blood returned to the heart by veins

Answer 57

venous return

Question 58

what is the exchange of materials between plasma in the capillaries and surrounding interstitial fluid of systemic tissue

Answer 58

capillary exchange

Question 59

what is the pressure the blood exerts agains a blood vessel wall

Answer 59

hydrostatic pressure

Question 60

blood pressure in an artery is much greater than the hydrostatic pressure of the interstitial fluid (fluid within the tissues is which side of capillaries

Answer 60

arterial

Question 61

loss of water (due to outwardly directed hydrostatic pressure in arteries) increases blood colloid pressure is which side of capillaries

Answer 61

venous

Question 62

what is the information about the force of ventricular contraction

Answer 62

systolic pressure

Question 63

what is the information about the resistance of blood vessels

Answer 63

diastolic pressure

Question 64

what is the average blood pressure in arteries

Answer 64

mean arterial pressure (MAP)

Question 65

what is the alternate expansion and recoil of an artery

Answer 65

pulse