Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels

Question 1

blood vessels transport ______ while lymph vessels transport _____

Answer 1

blood; lymph

Question 2

layers of vessel walls

Answer 2

> tunica intima
tunica media
tunica externa

Question 3

tunica intima

Answer 3

endothelium: simple squamous
subendothelial layer: loose areolar

Question 4

tunica media

Answer 4

smooth muscle; circular arrangement for vascoconstriction

Question 5

tunica externa

Answer 5

loose areolar
some large vessels have own blood supply (=vasa vasorum)

Question 6

Tunica externa of veins thickness compared to arteries

Answer 6

of equal thickness or thicker

Question 7

Tunica intima of veins form

Answer 7

valves

Question 8

Tunica media of artery is thicker with more

Answer 8

elastic fibers

Question 9

Arterial walls thickness vs. comparable veins

Answer 9

thicker and stronger

Question 10

Blood Vessel Network Order

Answer 10

Heart > Elastic Artery > Muscular Artery > Arteriole >capillaries within body tissues > Venule > medium vein > Heart

Question 11

Elastic arteries are found where

Answer 11

right off of the ventricles

Question 12

examples of elastic arteries

Answer 12

aorta, pulmonary trunk

Question 13

Elastic arteries

Answer 13

The ability to expand and
recoil helps smooth out
pressure surges

Question 14

examples of muscular arteries

Answer 14

radial artery, femoral artery

Question 15

muscular arteries

Answer 15

supply organs and skeletal muscles

Question 16

Muscular arteries tunica media

Answer 16

contain less elastin and more smooth muscle

Question 17

which capillaries regulate blood flow

Answer 17

precapillary sphincters (smooth muscle)

Question 18

precapillary sphincters open

Answer 18

blood fills capillary beds

Question 19

precapillary sphincters closed

Answer 19

blood passes through capillary beds via metarteriole = a “throughfare channel”
>occurs in response to tissue needs for glucose oxygen

Question 20

capillaries

Answer 20

thin walls allow for exchange between components of blood and interstitial fluids of tissue

Question 21

3 types of capillaries based on permeability

Answer 21

1. continuous
2. fenestrated
3. sinusoidal

Question 22

most common capillary

Answer 22

continuous capillary

Question 23

continuous capillary found in

Answer 23

skeletal muscles, skin, nervous system

Question 24

what decreases permeability in continuous capillaries

Answer 24

tight junctions

Question 25

least permeable capillaries

Answer 25

continuous

Question 26

pericytes in continuous capillary

Answer 26

spider shaped contractile stem cells

Question 27

fenestrated capillary

Answer 27

tight junctions and intracellular clefts AND fenestrations

Question 28

fenestrations

Answer 28

(=windows) pores through endothelial cells in fenestrated capillary

Question 29

an example of where a fenestrated capillary can be found

Answer 29

small intestine

Question 30

sinusoid capillaries are a type of

Answer 30

fenestrated capillary

Question 31

Sinusoid capillaries are continuous/discontinuous

Answer 31

discontinuous; follow a twisted path

Question 32

most permeable capillary type

Answer 32

sinusoid capillaries

Question 33

Spleen, bone marrow, lymph nodes, and liver are all examples of what capillary type

Answer 33

sinusoid

Question 34

Sinusoid capillary components

Answer 34

large intercellular clefts incomplete basement membrane fewer tight junctions

Question 35

capillaries in BBB

Answer 35

low permeability continuous capillaries

Question 36

BBB does/does not have intercellular clefts

Answer 36

does not

Question 37

which type can pass through BBB

Answer 37

vital molecules (i.e., glucose)

Question 38

what molecules can pass through endothelial cells into brain

Answer 38

non-charged/lipid soluble molecules

Question 39

How does prolonged emotional stress disrupt the BBB

Answer 39

tight junctions are opened= allows toxic substances enter into brain

Question 40

portal system

Answer 40

blood passes through 2nd capillary bed before returning to heart

Question 41

venules

Answer 41

drain capillaries

Question 42

vein thickness vs comparable arteries

Answer 42

thinner walls in veins = lower blood pressure

Question 43

medium veins

Answer 43

drain venules have all three tunics endothelium forms valves

Question 44

large veins

Answer 44

medium veins return blood to large veins all three tunics

Question 45

Veins are folds of ______

Answer 45

tunica intima

Question 46

How do veins regulate blood?

Answer 46

keep blood flow forward (toward heart) under low pressure

Question 47

Blood pressure through systematic circuit

Answer 47

decreases as distance from L ventricle increases

Question 48

Varicose veins are due to

Answer 48

incompetent valves in the veins

Question 49

Anastomosis

Answer 49

(="coming together") provide alternate pathways (collateral channels) for blood to reach a given body region >> in case of blockage grants alternative source of blood

Question 50

T/F? vein anastomoses is more common than arterial.

Answer 50

true

Question 51

Systolic

Answer 51

arterial pressure as L ventricle contracts

Question 52

Diastolic

Answer 52

arterial pressure when L ventricle relaxes

Question 53

How to measure blood pressure

Answer 53

systolic/diastolic

Question 54

Aneurysm

Answer 54

sac-like ballooning of artery of vein