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Health and Illness Concepts III Nursing: N2410 > Cardiovascular System (Exam Two) > Flashcards

Cardiovascular System (Exam Two) Flashcards

1
Q

What is peripheral artery disease (PAD)?

A
  • Progressive narrowing of arteries

- Degeneration of arteries

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2
Q

What is considered the leading cause of peripheral artery disease (PAD)?

A

Atherosclerosis

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3
Q

List the common sites of atherosclerotic lesions.

A
  • Iliac artery
  • Femoral artery
  • Popliteal artery
  • Tibial artery
  • Peroneal artery
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4
Q

What are the risk factors for developing peripheral artery disease?

A
  • Tobacco use
  • Over age 60
  • African American
  • Women
  • Diabetes mellitus
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5
Q

What are the clinical manifestations of peripheral artery disease (PAD)?

A
  • Intermittent claudication
  • Thin, shiny, taut skin
  • Diminished/absent pulses
  • Paresthesia
  • Loss of hair on lower legs
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6
Q

Describe intermittent claudication.

A
  • Ischemic muscle pain caused by exercise
  • Resolves in 10 minutes or less with rest
  • Reproducible
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7
Q

A nurse caring for a patient diagnosed with peripheral artery disease (PAD) would expect the capillary refill in the lower extremities to be what?

A

Prolonged

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8
Q

The nurse knows that the most serious complication(s) of peripheral artery disease (PAD) is/are what?

A
  • Nonhealing Arterial ulcers

- Gangrene

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9
Q

Arterial ulcers most commonly occur over bony prominences on the: (SATA)

A. Lower legs
B. Hands
C. Upper legs 
D. Toes
E. Feet
A

A, D, E

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10
Q

List the medications commonly prescribed for a patient diagnosed with peripheral artery disease (PAD).

A
  • Statins
  • ACE inhibitors
  • Anti-platelet agents
  • Cilostazol (Pletal)
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11
Q

Why are anti-platelet agents not prescribed, or given concurrently, with omeprazole?

A

Omeprazole will reduce absorption of the anti-platelet

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12
Q

T/F: Compression stockings or TED hose are NOT utilized in patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD).

A

True

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13
Q

What education should the nurse provide to a patient with peripheral artery disease (PAD)?

A
  • Avoid knee-flexed positions
  • Do not cross legs
  • Turn and reposition frequently
  • Avoid using heating-pads
  • Avoid compression stockings
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14
Q

What are the characteristics of critical limb ischemia?

A
  • Chronic ischemic rest pain that lasts more than two weeks
  • Nonhealing arterial leg ulcers
  • Gangrene of the leg
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15
Q

What is considered the cure for critical limb ischemia?

A

Revascularization via bypass surgery

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16
Q

What is the priority nursing intervention for a patient who is post-operative from a percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) due to critical limb ischemia?

A

Assess vital signs for changes

17
Q

What is an aneurysm?

A

Outpouching of arterial wall

18
Q

What is the most common location for an aortic aneurysm to occur?

A

Abdominal aorta

19
Q

List the signs and symptoms of a thoracic aortic aneurysm.

A
  • Difficulty swallowing
  • Hoarseness
  • Chest pain
20
Q

What is the highest risk factor for aortic aneurysm rupture?

A

Hypertension

21
Q

In order for an aortic aneurysm to be surgical repaired, it must be greater than ______ in diameter.

A

5 cm

22
Q

What is the priority nursing management for a patient with an aortic aneurysm?

A
  • Monitor intake and output
  • Daily weights
  • Avoid severe hypertension
  • Frequent neuromuscular assessment
23
Q

Describe an aortic dissection.

A
  • Tear occurs in inner layer of aorta
  • Middle layer is stripped from the inner layer
  • Results in “dissection”
24
Q

List the signs and symptoms of a Type A: Acute ascending aortic dissection.

A
  • Severe, sudden onset
  • Excruciating chest/back pain
  • Radiates to neck and shoulders
25
Q

List the signs and symptoms of a Type B: Acute ascending aortic dissection.

A
  • More likely to report pain in back
  • Abdomen
  • Legs
  • Pain described as sharp, worst ever, tearing, ripping
26
Q

If the nurse is suspicious of a acute ascending aortic dissection, what is the priority intervention?

A
  • Assess blood pressure

- Assess heart rate

27
Q

What is the target heart rate for a patient who is being treated for an aortic dissection? What medication is often utilized to reach this target heart rate?

A
  • 60 bpm or less

- Morphine

28
Q

Which type of aortic dissection is considered a surgical emergency?

A

Type A: Acute ascending aortic dissection

29
Q

What are the priority nursing intervention(s) for a patient following surgical repair of an aortic aneurysm?

A
  • Cardiac monitor
  • Monitor intake/output
  • Neurovascular assessment
30
Q

What is the most common disorder of the veins?

A

Venous thrombosis

31
Q

Venous thrombosis can result in what other disorders?

A
  • Pulmonary embolism (PE)

- Deep vein thrombosis (DVT)

32
Q

List the risk factors for developing deep vein thrombosis (DVT).

A
  • Pregnancy
  • Surgery
  • Contraceptives
  • Prolonged sitting
  • Prolonged standing
  • Obesity
33
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of deep vein thrombosis?

A
  • Unilateral leg edema
  • Systemic temperature >100.4
  • Fullness in thigh or calf
  • Paresthesia
  • Warm skin
  • Redness
34
Q

What is/are an uncommon, but severe form of deep vein thrombosis (DVT)?

A
  • Phlegmasia cerulea dolens

- Phlegmasia alba dolens

35
Q

A patient is admitted to the ED with phlegmasia cerulea dolens and/or phlegmasia alba dolens. The nurse knows this patient will require what type of treatment?

A

Revascularization surgery

36
Q

What is considered the therapeutic range for INR?

A

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Health and Illness Concepts III Nursing: N2410 (15 decks)

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