Cardiovascular System - Part 1

Question 1

Cardiac Output (CO)

Answer 1

Volume of blood ejected from one ventricle per minute

~ 5 L/min at rest

Question 2

Both the LV and the RV are each pumping out ~ 5 L of blood every minute, and they are doing it at the same time.

Answer 2

Both the LV and the RV are each pumping out ~ 5 L of blood every minute, and they are doing it at the same time.

Question 3

Venous Return (VR)

Answer 3

Volume of blood returning to the RA from the vena cava or to the LA from the pulmonary vein per minute.

Question 4

Because the right and left heart operate in series, the VR to the RA must equal the VR to the LA.

Answer 4

Because the right and left heart operate in series, the VR to the RA must equal the VR to the LA.

Question 5

In steady state conditions, the venous return to the heart must equal the cardiac output from the heart.

Answer 5

In steady state conditions, the venous return to the heart must equal the cardiac output from the heart.

Question 6

Stroke Volume (SV)

Answer 6

Volume of blood ejected (from either ventricle) per heart beat

Question 7

CO = Stroke Volume (SV) x Heart Rate (HR)

Answer 7

CO = Stroke Volume (SV) x Heart Rate (HR)

Question 8

The CO is not fixed, when the body’s demand for O2 increases the CO increases accordingly

Answer 8

The CO is not fixed, when the body’s demand for O2 increases the CO increases accordingly