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anatomy 2 > cardiovascular vessels 2 > Flashcards

cardiovascular vessels 2 Flashcards

(104 cards)

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1
Q

what is the goal of the cardiovascular vessels

A

to maintain adequate blood flow to peripheral tissue and organs

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2
Q

what 3 categories of arteries can be used for catheterization

A

femoral
radial
brachial

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3
Q

what are the 3 layers of blood vessels

A

tunica internal (or intima)
tunica media
tunica externa

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4
Q

what is the tunica interna

A

innermost layer (endothelium) that is in contact with blood

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5
Q

what is the tunica media

A

middle layer containing smooth muscle and elastic tissue

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6
Q

what is the tunica axterna

A

outermost anchoring layer, contains the vasa vasorum

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7
Q

what are vasa vasorum

A

smaller blood vessels that oxygenate the walls or larger arteries and veins

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8
Q

what are the 5 types of blood vessels

A

arterieas
arterioles
capillaries
venules
veins

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9
Q

what are the 2 types of arteries

A

elastic (conducting)
muscular (distributing)

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10
Q

what are the largest arteries in the body

A

elastic (conducting)

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11
Q

(elastic or muscular) aorta

A

elastic

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12
Q

(elastic or muscular) pulmonary trunk

A

e

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13
Q

(elastic or muscular) brachiocephalic

A

e

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14
Q

(elastic or muscular) subclavian

A

e

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15
Q

(elastic or muscular) common carotid

A

e

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16
Q

(elastic or muscular) common iliac

A

e

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17
Q

what is the function of elastic arteries

A

to propel blood onward while the ventricles are relaxing

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18
Q

how do elastic arteries contract

A

the stretch from ventricular contraction stores mech E
elastic recoils, converting to kinetic energy

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19
Q

what is compliance

A

ability to stretch without tearing
in response to an increase in pressure

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20
Q

muscular arteries contain more ___ compared to ___

A

smooth muscle
elastic fibers

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21
Q

what is the main feature of muscular arteries

A

vascular tone
maintains pressure and efficient flow

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22
Q

(elastic or muscular) femoral

A

m

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23
Q

(elastic or muscular) axillary

A

m

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24
Q

(elastic or muscular) brachial

A

m

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25
(elastic or muscular) radial
m
26
(elastic or muscular) intercostal
m
27
(elastic or muscular) splenic
m
28
(elastic or muscular) mesenteric
m
29
(elastic or muscular) popliteal
m
30
(elastic or muscular) tibial
m
31
what is an anastomoses
union o f2+ branches supplying the same tissue or region
32
what is a matearteriole
terminal end of arterioles, that joints to the capillary bed
33
what is a precapillary sphincter
at metarteriole-capillary junction controls blood flow into the capillary
34
how many capillaries do we have
20 billion
35
where are the capillary numbers the highest
where high metabolic activity kidney, liver, brain, muscle
36
capillaries lack what of normal vessels
tunica media and externa
37
capillaries are made up of
a single layer of endothelial cells, and a basement membrane
38
capillaries are absent where (3)
cartilage cornea and lens epithelial tissue
39
what is a capillary bed
network of 10-100 capillaries that arise from a single matarteriole
40
what is the purpose of capillary beds
increase surface area to speed up exchange
41
where are continuous capillary beds 4
CNS, muscles, skin, lungs
42
where are fenestrated capillary beds 3
kidneys, small intestine villi, choroid plexus
43
where are sinusoid capillary beds 3
liver, spleen, red bone marrow
44
what is a fenestrated capillary
has fenestrations (pores)
45
what do sinusoid capillaries have
intercellular clefts
46
does exchange occur in poscapillary venules
yes
47
does exchange occur in muscular venules
no
48
are venules distensible
yes very
49
what are the two types of venules
poscapillary and muscular
50
the diameter of veins ranges from
0.5mm to 3 cm
51
compared to arteries, veins have... (4)
- thin turcica internal + media - no smooth muscle or elastic tissue - larger lumens - VALVES
52
what do vein valves do
aid in venous return by preventing backflow
53
what are varicose veins
incompetent veins, that allow backflow and cause swirling
54
systemic veins and venules contain what percent of blood
64%
55
pulmonary vessels contain what percent of blood
9%
56
heart contains what percent of blood
7%
57
systemic arteries and arterioles contain what percent of blood
13%
58
systemic capillaries contain what percent of blood
7
59
what are starling forces
hydrostatic and osmotic pressures at the capillaries
60
what is filtration
pressure-driven movement of fluid and solutes from capillaries into interstitial fluid
61
what promotes filtration
blood hydrostatic pressure and interstitial fluid osmotic pressure
62
what is reasorption
pressure driven movement of fluid and solutes from interstitial fluid into capillaries
63
what promotes reabsorption
interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure and blood colloid osmotic pressure
64
BHP does what
pushes fluid OUT of capillares
65
BHP at arterial and venous ends
arterial - 33mmHg venous - 16mmHg
66
what is IFOP
pulls fluid out of capillaries
67
what is the IFOP value
1 mmHg
68
what is BCOP caused by
large proteins in blood
69
what does BCOP do
pulls fluid from interstitial space einto capillaries
70
what is the value of BCOP
26mmHg
71
what does IFHP do
pushes fluid from interstitial spaces back into ocapillaries
72
what is the value of IFHP
0 mmHg
73
NFP = ?
filtration - reabsorption BHP + IFOP - BCOP - IFHP
74
NFP at arterial end
10 mmHg
75
NFP at venous end
-9
76
what is starlings law of the capillaries
arterial is 10, venous is -9 about 85% of fluid filtered out is reabsorbed
77
CO = ?
SV x HR
78
what is an average CO
~ 5L/min from each ventricle
79
flow = ?
Pressure / Resistance
80
resistance is dependant on what 3 things
diameter of lumen viscosity of blood length of vessel
81
BP = ?
flow x resistance
82
what is systolic bp
highest pressure in arteries
83
what is diastolic bp
lowest pressure in arteries at the end of ventricle diastole
84
what is mean arterial pressure
average blood pressure in arteries
85
MAP = ?
DBP + (SBP - DBP_/3
86
what is pulse pressure
difference between systolic and diastolic
87
what is a normal SYS:DIA:pulse
3:2:1
88
aorta pressure during systole
120 mmHg
89
aorta pressure during diastole
80 mmhg
90
pressure in arterioles as they pass into capillaries
35 mmhg
91
pressure at venous end of capillaries
16 mmhg
92
pressure as blood enters the right ventricle
0 mmhg
93
what are the 2 additional mechanisms to return blood to the heart
1. skeletal muscle pump 2. respiratory pump
94
how does the skeletal muscle pump work
contractions of muscle pushes blood through valves and thus, back toheart
95
how tdos the respiratory pump work
inspiration pressures abdominal cavity, pushing blood into throax veins expirations pressures thorax, forcing blood back into heart
96
what 2 things neural control of BP
baroreceptors chemoreceptors
97
what are the 2 types of BP control
neural, hormonal
98
how is BP hormonally controlled (4)
renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system epi and norepi ADH ANP
99
where are baroreceptors located
aortic arch and internal carotid (carotid sinus)
100
what do baroreceptors do
sense changes in pressure
101
what do chemoreceptors do
sense changes in chemical composition of blood
102
where are the chemoreceptors located
close to the baroreceptors
103
how long does it take for a drop of blood to go from atrium through body, and back
1 minute
104
in one day, your blood travels how many miles
nearly 12,000

anatomy 2 (12 decks)

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