Cards

Question 1

Origin of ascending aorta and pulmonary trunk

Answer 1

truncus arteriosus

Question 2

What does truncus arteriosis become

Answer 2

ascending aortia and pulmonary trunk

Question 3

What does bulbus cordis become?

Answer 3

smooth parts (outflow tract) of LV and RV

Question 4

Origin of RV and LV outflow tract (smooth parts)

Answer 4

bulbus cordis (“your bulbs are smooth, baby”)

Question 5

Origin of atrial septum, membranous interventricular septum, AV and semilunar valves (VALVES AND SEPTUMS)

Answer 5

endocardial cushions

Question 6

What do endocardial cushions become

Answer 6

atrial septum, membranous intraventricular septum, all the valves

Question 7

What is the origin of trabeculated part of left and right atria

Answer 7

primitive atrium

Question 8

What does the primitive atrium become

Answer 8

trabeculated part of left and right atria

Question 9

What does the primitive ventricle become?

Answer 9

trabeculated part of left and right ventricles

Question 10

Origin of trabeculated part of left and right ventricles

Answer 10

primitive ventricle

Question 11

What is the origin of the smooth part of left atrium

Answer 11

primitive pulmonary vein

Question 12

Primitive pulmonary vein becomes….

Answer 12

smooth part of left atrium

Question 13

origin of coronary sinus

Answer 13

left horn of sinus venosus

Question 14

what does left horn of sinus venosus become

Answer 14

coronary sinus

Question 15

what does right horn of sinus venosus become

Answer 15

smooth part of right atrium

Question 16

origin of smooth part of right atrium (sinus venarum)

Answer 16

right horn of sinus venosus

Question 17

origin of SVC

Answer 17

right common cardinal vein and right anterior cardinal vein

Question 18

What do the right common cardinal vein and right anterior cardinal vein become?

Answer 18

svc

Question 19

allantois->urachus becomes

Answer 19

medIAN umbilical ligament

Question 20

ductus arteriosus becomes

Answer 20

ligamentum arteriosum

Question 21

ductus venosum becoems

Answer 21

ligamentum venosum

Question 22

foramen ovale becomes

Answer 22

fossa ovalis

Question 23

notochord becomes

Answer 23

nucleus pulposus

Question 24

umbilical arteries becomes

Answer 24

mediAL ubilical ligaments

Question 25

umbilical vein becomes

Answer 25

ligamentum teres hepatis (round ligament) contained in falciform ligament

Question 26

murmur that gets louder with inspiration

Answer 26

tricuspid regurg

Question 27

murmur that gets louder with valsalva and standing up

Answer 27

HOCM and MVP (valsalva and standing decreases intensity of most murmurs)

Question 28

murmur that gets better (less loud) with hand grip

Answer 28

HOCM and AS (increases the intensity of most murmurs because it increases afterload)

Question 29

murmurs that get worse with rapid squatting

Answer 29

As, MR, VSD

Question 30

murmur that gets less intense with rapid squatting

Answer 30

rapid squatting increases afterload and preload so | HOCM murmur gets better with this while most murmurs get louder

Question 31

Asian male with ECG pattern of pseudo heart block with ST elevations in V1-V3...

Answer 31

``` brugada syndrome (AD) increased risk for ventricular tachyarrhthmia and SCD) treat with implantable ICD ```

Question 32

Drugs that cuase long QT syndrome

Answer 32

``` "Anti-ABCDE" Antiarrhythmics - class IA and III antiBiotics - macrolides antiCychotis - haloperidol antiDepressants - TCAs antEmetics - ondansetron ``` al of these increase risk for torsades

Question 33

saw tooth appearance on ECG

Answer 33

atrial flutter

Question 34

progressively increasing PR interval until dropped beat

Answer 34

second degree heart block type 1 mobitz (usually asymptomatic)

Question 35

stable PR interval until dropped beat

Answer 35

second degree heart blck type 2 (may progress to 3rd degree heat block so treat with pacemaker)

Question 36

atria and ventriicles beat independently of one another (atrial rate > venricular rate)

Answer 36

third degree heart block (treat with pacemaker, can be caused by lyme dx)

Question 37

MOA atrial natriuertic peptide

Answer 37

responds to increases in blood volume, and acts via cGMP. causes vasodilation and decreased Na reabsorption in collecting tubule....dilates afferent renal ateriorle and constricts efferent arteriold promoting diuresis ("aldosterone" escape mechanism)

Question 38

differentiate BNP and atrial (ANP)

Answer 38

BNP is secreted by ventricular myocytes while ANP is from atria BNP has longer half life making it good diagnostic tool for HF