Heme Onc Flashcards by Christian Bernardo

cell marker for hematopoetic stem cell

CD34

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lines of zahn

thrombosis (fibrin lines with RBCs in between them)

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marker for immature neutrophils

decreased Fc and decreased CD16 (seen in neutrophilia)

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how to differentiate between AML and ALL

ALL is tdt+ (terminal deoxynuceltidyl transferyase)

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distinguishing feacture of AML histologically

Auer rods (crystallized myeloperioxidase)

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What syndrome increases risk of ALL and AML

down syndrome

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Down syndrome after 5

ALL

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Down syndrome before 5

AML

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Where does ALL like to spread

CSF and testes

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t(12;21)

better prognosis for ALL, responsive to therapy

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t(9’22)

Philadelphia chromosome seen in CML (most commonly) and ALL (less commonly) poor prognosis
BCR-ABL hybrid, upregulator of TYROSINE KINASE

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thymic mass teenager, medistinum, CD 2-8 positive

T ALL

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t(15;17)

APML, deficient retinoic acid receptor which will lead to accumulation of promyelocytes…responds to all trans retinoic acid (m3 AML)

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smudge cells

CLL

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Richter transformation

CLL can transform into aggressive lymphoma (most likely diffuse large b cell lymphoma)

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defining feature of hairy cell leukemia

+TRAP (tartrate resistant aci dphosphattase)….causes marrow fibrosis (dry tap) and enlargement of spleen RED PULP

treatment for hairy cell

cladribine, pentostatin

adenosine deaminase inhibitor

lytic bone lesions with hypercalcemia and cutaneous lesions

adult t cell lymphoma (RULE OUT MULTIPLE MYELOMA)

associated with HTLV from japan, west africa, and caribbean

mature T cells in skin causing abscesses

Pautrier abscesses from mycosis fungoides

“cerebriform nuclei” in blood

mycoises fungoides spreading to blood (sezary syndrome)

basophilia

CML

what antibody can help treat CML and its target

imantinib (CD20)

how to differentiate between CML and leukomoid reaction from infection

CML cells will have a transforrmation

CML cells will be low on LAP

JAK2 mutations

polycythemia vera, myelofibrosis, essential thrombocythemia

teardrop RBCs

myelofibrosis (bone marrow is crying because it's fibrosed and is a dry tap)

how to differentiate pri,ary polycythemia vera from reactive polycythemia

PCV will have LOW epo | as opposed to secondary lung disease (incerease EPO to meet O2 demand) or renal cell carcinioma (exogenous EPO)

polycythemia vera GI complication

)budd chiari (hypercoagulable state in hepatic vein_

ddx painless LAD

lymphoma, chronic inflammation, metastatic cancer

t(8;14)

Burkitt lymphoma, associated with EBV, | C-MYC

two locations of t(8;14)

african burkitt - jaw | sporadic burkitt -abdomen/pelvis

t(14;18)

``` BCL2 overexpression (inhibits apoptosis -> uncontrolled growth) FOLLICULAR CELL LYMPHOMA ```

t(11;14)

``` mant"11"e ce"11" "11"ymphoma cyc11in D1(1) overexpression leads to increased phosphorylation a11ows ce11s to go from G1(1) to S phase ```

t(11;18)

marginal cell lmyphoma asociated with chronic imflammation (Srogen) or MALToma from h pylori "marginally" associated with inflammation

most common type of nonhodgkin lymphoma

diffuse large b cell AGGRESSIVE!!!! and poorly differentiated Bcl2 and Bcl6

histologic hallmark and cell marker for hodgkin lymphoma

reed sternberg cells | CD15/CD30....do not express CD20 even though they involve B cells

eosinophilia

mixed cellular type hodgkin lymphoma

which hodgkin lymphoma has best and worse prognosis

best - lymphocyte rich | worst - lymphocyte depleted

most common hodgkin lymphoma

nodular sclerosis