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1
Q

Murmurs I / II

A

I- faint, not heard in all positions

II- soft, heard in all positions

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2
Q

Murmurs III / IV

A

III - loud, no thrill

IV - palpable thrill

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3
Q

Murmurs V / VI

A

V - heard with stethoscope partially off chest

VI - heart w/ stethoscope completely off chest

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4
Q

Bevacizumab AE

A

VEGF inhibitor

causes HTN

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5
Q

Antibiotics for SBE prophylaxis

A

amox 1 hour prior to procedure

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6
Q

ASDs - different types

A

secundum ASDs
primum ASDs
sinuous venous

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7
Q

ASDs- when do you typically close

A

ages 3-4

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8
Q

VSD- types

A

perimembranous most common

arterial, muscular, inlet

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9
Q

Size of VSDs

A

related to AV area

small is 1/3, moderate 1/3 to 2/3, large is >2/3

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10
Q

AVSD - associated features/symptoms

A

primum ASD

inlet type of VSD

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11
Q

MVP associated with..

A

hyperthyroidism

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12
Q

Transposition of Great Arteries - Presentation

A

Usually no murmur

cyanosis in first 12h after birth, can be prolonged by VSD

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13
Q

Transposition of Great Arteries - Where does blood mix

A

ASD or PFO

VSD

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14
Q

Premature CAD

A

less than 55 in males

less than 65 in females

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15
Q

Truncus Arteriosus- primary issue

A

truncus doesn’t divide into aorta and main pulm a

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16
Q

Truncus Arteriosus- murmur

A

systolic murmur at LSB (VSD)

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17
Q

Partial APVD

A

at least one pulmonary vein returns to LA

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18
Q

Total APVD

A

no pulmonary veins return to LA

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19
Q

Systolic HF- Treatment

A

ACEI or ARB
loop diuretic
BB

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20
Q

ARB+neprilysin inhibitor (valsartan-sacubitril)

A

Replace ACEI or ARB with ARNI in patients with chronic symptomatic HFrEF who tolerate ACEI and ARB therapy

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21
Q

HF and aldosterone antagonists

A

a. Reduce mortality and HF hospitalizations in patients with symptomatic HF (NYHA II-IV) and HF after acute MI

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22
Q

Isosorbide Dinitrate-Hydralazine

A

Use in those intolerant to ACEI or ARB (like CKD)

Use in combination with therapy in African Americans

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23
Q

CCB and Heart Failure

A

Nondihydropyridine CCB, verapamil and dilt have detrimental effects in patients with SHF due to negative inotropic effects

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24
Q

Diastolic HF Therapy

A

SBP less than 130

?Maybe spirolactolone

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25
Turner Syndrome associated cardiac etiology
bicuspid aortic valve
26
Hepatic Vein
deoxygenated blood from liver to IVC
27
Portal Vein
blood from GI tract to liver (has nutrients and toxins)
28
Systole
heart contracts | blood from ventricles to aorta and pulmonary artery
29
Diastole
heart relaxes | blood from atria to ventricles
30
S1
closure of mitral and tricuspid valves
31
S2
closure of aortic and pulmonary valves | aortic closes before pulmonary normally
32
S3
early diastole rapid filling of ventricles (dilated or decreased compliance) VSD, CHF
33
S4
late diastole | decreased ventricle compliance
34
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy- genetics
AD | myosin, troponin
35
Cardiac Syndrome X
angina and stress test abnormalities in absence of coronary artery abnormalities
36
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair
>5.5 cm or growth of more than 0.5cm/year
37
Right Bundle Branch Block
rSR' in V1 | qRs in V6 (slurred R wave)
38
Restrictive Cardiomyopathy
diastolic dysfunction
39
Therapy after MI
Aspirin, ACEI, BB, Statin, P2Y12 Inhibitor
40
Beta blockers MOA
reduce myocardial oxygen demand
41
Right Ventricular Infarction
ST elevated in right sided leads hypotension, elevated JVP avoid nitrates
42
Cardiogenic Shock
high preload **LOW CO** high SVR high PCWP
43
alpha one
vasoconstrict
44
beta one
myocardium | inotropy, chronotropy
45
beta two
blood vessels | vasodilation
46
dobutamine
B1 and B2 increase inotropy, chronotropy vasodilation and afterload reduce
47
dopamine
d1 --> b1 --> a1
48
norepinephrine
a1 > b1
49
phenylepinephrine
a1
50
epinephrine
b1 --> a1
51
milirinone
PD3 inhibitor inotropy, profound systemic and pulmonary vasodilation use if PAH/RHF
52
E/e' ratio
greater than or equal to 15 in DHF
53
Hydralazine + CAD/Angina
increases arterial vasoconstriction --> worsening chest pain | use in combination with nitrate
54
ST changes
has to be in 2 continguous leads greater than 1mm for limb leads greater than 2mm for chest leads
55
Anterior MI- leads and vessel
V3,V4 | LAD
56
Lateral MI- leads and vessel
I, avL, V5-V6 | left circumflex
57
Septal MI- leads and vessel
VI, V2 | LAD
58
Inferior MI- leads and vessel
II, III, avf | RCA > LCX
59
cardiac tamponade
hypotension pulsus paradoxus elevated JVP
60
MVO2
myocardial volume oxygen consumption
61
Austin Flint Murmur
aortic regurg diastolic rumble at apex regurgitant aortic jet directed toward anterior leaflet of mitral valve causing premature closure
62
Aortic Sclerosis Murmur
early systolic murmur @ RSB
63
What should be done before cardioversion
- anticoagulation | - TEE to exclude intracardiac thrombus
64
Inferoposterior MI
ST depression V1-V3 | tall R in V2 and V3
65
Murmur that increases with Valsalva (decreased preload)
HCM
66
Murmur that decreases with Valsalva (decreased preload)
aortic or pulmonary stenosis

PGY-2 (21 decks)

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