Prep Pearls

Question 1

How to Treat Hypercyantoic spells in Tetraology of Fallot

Answer 1

knee-to-chest position first line (increasing SVR) - first line
oxygen
fluids

Question 2

HIV testing in infants less than 18 months

Answer 2

positive antibodies from mom

viral load or DNA PCR

Question 3

Influenza Prophylaxis in children

Answer 3

osteltamivir

zanamivir (bronchospasm as AE)

Question 4

Reye Syndrome

Answer 4

aspirin use in children w/ viral infections

acute hepatitis and encephalopathy

Question 5

methemoglobinemia

Answer 5

typically presents with cyanosis

nitrities cause oxidation to ferric state that bounds oxygen poorly

Question 6

Jones Criteria- Major

Answer 6

polyarthritis
carditis
chorea
subq nodules
erythema marginatum

Question 7

Jones Criteria- minor

Answer 7

arthralgia
prolonged PR 
fever
elevated acute phase reactants
history of rheumatic fever

Question 8

Bacterial Tracheitis

Answer 8

upper airway obstruction
children w/ cough, stridor, resp distress
often complication of initial URI (esp influenza a)

Question 9

Bacterial Tracheitis organisms

Answer 9

Staph aureus, Strep pneumo, Moraxella

Question 10

Rett Syndrome

Answer 10

decline in head growth is earliest finding
lose of language at 1-2 years
hand wringing

Question 11

Rett Syndrome inheritance

Answer 11

X-linked dominant

Question 12

Reasone for elevated SVR in hypovolemic shock

Answer 12

elevated circulating catecholamines

diversion of blood away from skin, splachnic ciruclation

Question 13

Complication of sports injury/bruise

Answer 13

acute hematologic osteomyelitis

Question 14

Maple Syrup Urine Disease

Answer 14

elevated branched amino acids
presents at 12-48 hours of life
AR
organic acidemia

Question 15

Bernard-Soulier syndrome

Answer 15

disorder of platelet adhesion

normal platelet count!

Question 16

Glanzmann thrombasthenia

Answer 16

disorder of platelet aggregation

normal platelet count!

Question 17

When do VSDs typically become symptomatic/present

Answer 17

4 weeks of age when pulmonary vascular resistance decreases

increased flow L –> R = pulm edema

Question 18

Free Water Deficit Formula

Answer 18

0.6 x weight (in kilograms) ([serum sodium/140] – 1)

Question 19

Treatment of chronic pulmonary aspiration in pediatrics

Answer 19

laryngotracheal separation (LTS) 
trach required, no longer able to phonate

Question 20

Growth chart w/ increasing weight but decreasing height

Answer 20

corticosteroids!

Question 21

Sinding-Larsen and Johansson syndrome

Answer 21

apophysitis involving the inferior pole of the patella

insidious onset of lower inferior pole of patella

Question 22

Recurrent Otitis Media

Answer 22

3 episodes in 6 months

4 episodes in 1 year

Question 23

When to use Augmentin for AOM

Answer 23

if treated w/ amox in last 30 days

Question 24

Common Cause of SCD

Answer 24

1) HCM

2) anomalous coronary artery

Question 25

incontinentia pigmenti

Answer 25

X-linked, primarily in females Vesicles are present at birth or within the first 6 to 8 weeks; linear arrangement Hyperpigmented --> hypopigmented

Question 26

Gianotti-Crosti Syndrome

Answer 26

exanethem associated with lymphadenopathy and hepatitis | Association with EBV > hep B

Question 27

Peds Recurrent Pneumonia

Answer 27

2 in a year or 3 in lifetime with radiological evidence of clearance

Question 28

Rash associated with Parvovirus

Answer 28

petechial papulopurpuric gloves and socks syndrome | viral illness followed by rash restricted to extremities

Question 29

How to prevent food allergies in infants

Answer 29

breastfeeding or hydrolyzed formula until 4 months of age

Question 30

two components of a functional clot

Answer 30

fibrin + platelets

Question 31

Pediatric Patients to check vitamin D in

Answer 31

children on anti-convulsants (annually)

Question 32

Pediatric Nephrotic Syndrome: prognosis can be predicted by

Answer 32

steroid response

Question 33

Pancreatic insuffiency test

Answer 33

fecal elastase

Question 34

syncopal convulsion

Answer 34

occurs AFTER losing consciousness | not at the same time as w/ GTC seizures

Question 35

AAP answer on flu treatment

Answer 35

less than two years complex medical conditions give even if more than 48h out

Question 36

How long can ear tubes stay in place

Answer 36

only 3 years, then need to be surgically removed

Question 37

Why do CVA events occur in congential heart disease kids?

Answer 37

polycythemia

Question 38

neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia

Answer 38

when infant has thrombocytosis by NOT mom | maternal antibody to antigen on neonates and dad's platelets

Question 39

hypocalcemia symptoms in infants

Answer 39

jitteriness, muscle spasms