Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

STEP 2 AG > Cards > Flashcards

Cards Flashcards

(105 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Acute decompensated heart failure

A

Rad/chemo, management —> O2, furosemide, nitro if stable, pressors (NE) if unstable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

PVCs tx

A

Bb/CCB, amiodarone 2nd line, only treat if symptomatic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Sick sinus syndrome tx

A

pacemaker THEN Bb

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Vasovagal syncope etiology

A

Parasympathetic innervation—> SA arrest

Less common Sympathetic inactivated, vasodilation, drop in bp

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Dropped beats after progressively longer PRs

A

Mobitz I

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Complication of AAA repair

A

Bowel ischemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Bounding pulses

A

Aortic regurg (also septic shock during hyperacute=hypotension, dec SVR, inc cap permeability, later have cold extremities), also PT feels pounding HR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Aortic stenosis physical exam findings

A

Pulsus parvis et tardis, soft S2, systolic cres-decresc murmur early peak = mild, mid-late peak = severe R upper sternal border

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Pulsus paradoxus

A

Tamponade, COPD/asthma can also cause, DECREASED systolic BP by >10 during INSPIRATION

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Indication for mitral valve repair in MR

A

Primary MR, LVEF<60

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Complications of PCI

A

AV fistula (continuous bruit, thrill, can watch may spontaneously close, close w compression, close surgically)
pseudoaneurysm (pulsatile, systolic bruit)
aneurysm (limb ischemia)
retroperitoneal hematoma flank pain + hypotension 24 h

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Marfans + sudden onset severe CP

A

Acute aortic dissection, AR, diastolic murmur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Acute aortic dissection management

A

Pain (morphine), pressure <120 IV esmolol, nitro 2nd line, NO HYDRAL, CXR pericardial effusion, mediastinal widening, dx CT if stable, TEE if unstable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Patient comes in w ACS

A

Aspirin (unless worried about aneurysm), oxygen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Pericarditis

A

Don’t forget about pts with CKD!!! Pericarditis hurts more when you MUVA (worse lying down) post-MI, uremia, viral, autoimmune, pulsus paradoxus, uremia dialysis DOESNT HAVE EKG STelev/PRdep, tx NSAIDs and colchicine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Pericardial effusion

A

Suspect in PT w blunt trauma
w/o tamponade PMI nonpalpable, muffled heart sounds
w/ tamponade becks triad JVD hypotension muffled heart sounds
mech dec RV filling, dec RV compliance, dec LV volume

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Management of a fib

A

Unstable cardioversion, stable Rx (Bb, CCB, dig)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Pharmacologic stress test

A

Adenosine vasodilator, increases flow to show relative lower uptake (no inc in HR or BP), don’t use in pts with COPD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

HFpEF

A

EF>50%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Supraventricular tachycardia

A

Unstable synch cardioversion, stable can try adenosine or vag maneuvers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Shock (hypovol, cardiogenic, septic)

A

Hypovolemic preload low, CO low, SVR high trying to compensate inc sympathetic tone

Cardiogenic heart is fucked so CO low, preload high b/c heart is fucked, SVR high trying to compensate

Septic everything is dilated cytokines etc so SVR and preload low, CO high trying sooooo hard to keep shit together

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Tetralogy of fallot

A

Single S2 (P2 inaudible), crescendo decresc systolic murmur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

HTN definition, w/u, tx

A

> 140 x 3 1w apart
UA, BMP, lipids, no w/u for secondary HTN unless fail >3 rx, sudden onset, <30 yo w no fam hx, severe
Tx: lifestyle all pts (diet/wt loss, exercise, alcohol)
Rx criteria: >140 OR >130 + ACS, DM, CKD, >65, 10y risk >10%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Angina

A

Typical loc/duration, worse w exercise/stress, better w rest/nitro, first step EKG stress test

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Cyanotic infant <24 h old single S2 w no murmur
Transposition of the great vessels +\- murmur (PFO=no murmur), also single S2 with tet (+ right outflow cresc-decresc systolic murmur)
26
Valvular abscess
Endocarditis + early diastolic murmur (AR) + conduction abnormalities
27
Rx that increases QRS with faster HR
Flecainide (class 1C)
28
Bb in pt w eczema
ASTHMA, will cause cough/wheezes
29
Hypertriglyceridemia treatment
Statin + <500 lifestyle modifications if >1,000 fibrates NO ALCOHOL niacin is NOT GOOD
30
Cardiac cath complications
Atherosclerotic emboli = TERR Blue Toes, end organ damage, retina, rash
31
Supravalvular aortic stenosis
Usually congenital, difference in BP r and l arm, systolic murmur heard higher up on R sternal border, palpable thrill suprasternal notch
32
Reproducible CP worse with movement
Costochondritis, double ChEck w CXR EKG, no stress test
33
Warfarin INDUCERS
NSAIDs, acetaminophen, antibiotics, amiodarone
34
LEFT AXIS DEVIATION IN A BABY STOP FUCKING FORGETTING THIS
Tricuspid atresia
35
Tachycardia-mediated cardiomyopathy
Rhythm and rate control (Bb) can be reversible act fast
36
Is PEA a shockable rhythm?
NO! Do chest compressions
37
Fibromuscular dysplasia
Consider as cause of secondary HTN, amarousis fugax, aldosterone/renin will be <20, ddx adrenal tumor aldosterone/renin will be >20, dx CTA or Doppler US
38
Rhythms can use a defibrillator
V fib, pulseless V tach, shock, epi q3-5 min if not responsive, amiodarone/lidocaine
39
Patient w SVT
Give adenosine for diagnostic
40
Peripartum cardiomyopathy
36 weeks
41
Constrictive pericarditis
Viral (TB), Radiation, idIOpathic Surgery, Kussmaul’s sign (INC JVP on inspiration), pericardial knock, CXR calcifications
42
PAD tx
Aspirin, statin, exercise, surgery | *** SENSORY/MOTOR, REST PAIN GIVE HEPARIN then other studies (TTE), bypass grafting ABI <0.4 or rest pain
43
Niacin
Flushing itching something with prostaglandins give with aspirin but really just don’t give not effective
44
Drugs after DES
Aspirin + clopidogrel p2y12, ACEi, Bb, statin, spironolactone
44
Isolated systolic HTN
Syst >140 diastolic <90, hardened arterial walls can’t dilate
44
Cor pulmonale
NO CRACKLES in a lunger
45
AAA
screening=65-75 men ever smoker RF for rupture=cont smoking Sx=can have hematuria w rupture! Prevertebral calcification Tx=emergent surg (indications=>5.5cm OR symptomatic any size, contraindications=cancer, other comorbidity w/ high mortality risk)
46
PE
Pleuritic (sharp) CP, normal lung sounds, normal CXR, LONG DISTANCE TRUCK DRIVER 3 pts—> Ddx, DVT 1.5 pts—> HR>100, Hx DVT/PE, Hx recent surg/immobilization 1 pt—>Coughing blood, Cancer 5+ pts= DVT likely, FIRST give O2, fluids, if no contraindication to anticoag (hemorrhage) give Hep THEN get CT, if contraindicated get CT first then IVC filter ONLY unfractionated hep GFR <30 (no Xa inh or LMWH) (In preg) V/Q pretest prob--> nl VQ r/o, low low r/o, high high r/i, other combo nd w/u CTA or LE US
47
BNP
CHF CHF CHF AND NOTHING ELSE
48
Polycystic kidney dz
Early onset HTN, B/L UPPER ABDOMINAL MASSES
49
Inspiration
Decreases SBP, but >10 is not normal pulsus paradoxus
50
Baby that’s fine but becomes cyanotic in a day or 2 of life
PDA closure!
51
Young pt recent viral illness signs of CHF
Dilated cardiomyopathy
52
Malignant HTN
HTN >=180/120 + hypertensive encephalopathy (retinal hemorrhage, exudate, papilledema, neuro probs, cerebral edema) ***+\-*** end organ damage
53
Long QT tx
Bb, pacer if h/o syncope
54
RFs for APCs
Alcohol, smoking, caffeine, stress
55
Amiodarone side effects
PHQ-TS pulm, hepatitis, long QT, thyroid, skin turns blue | Always get PFTs, TSH
56
Sustained monomorphic VT
If stable amiodarone don’t need to shock
57
Most common arrhythmia with acute MI (10-60 min)
Ventricular arrhythmia, V fib, reentrant
58
Symptomatic sinus bradycardia w hypotension
Atropine —> if not responsive, dopamine/epi
59
Dig + amiodarone
Nausea vomiting, vision color changes, Arrhythmias
60
Nitroglycerin mech of action
Vasodilation —> dec preload, coronary arteries are already max dilated
61
Pulmonic stenosis PE
Split S2 throughout widens w inspiration, systolic ejection click, L upper sternal border, congenital
62
Most common complication of stent
Thrombosis, ST elev, 10 days after, usually med noncompliance
63
Bb toxicity
Bradycardia, wheezing, AMS/arrhythmia, hypotension, hypoglycemia, sz Give fluids, IV atropine, if still hypotensive GLUCAGON
65
HOCM
AD, tx Bb
65
Nitroprusside infusion in PT w renal failure
Cyanide tox, AMS, seizure, lactic acidosis
66
Vascular ring
BIPHASIC or EXPIRATORY stridor
67
Indication for statin
ACS 40-75 yo w DM 10-y risk > 7.5% LDL > 190
68
Laryngomalacia
INSPIRATORY stridor collapse of upper airway (like snoring) 4-8mo, flex laryngoscopy
69
PERICARDITIS + HIGH CR
UREMIC OMG OMG DIALYSIS STOP FORGETTING THIS
70
Cardiac myxoma
MC cardiac tumor Systemic sx, emboli, obstruction/cardiac sx, diastolic murmur Dx echo Tx surgery
71
Ventricular aneurysm
Several mo after MI, deep Qs + ST elev, CHF/angina, thrombus, arrhythmia
72
AV fistula
Trauma, iatrogenic, high OP heart failure, warm/flushed extremity, inc carotid upstroke, dx doppler tx surg
73
HMGCOA reductase
Intracellular
74
Normal JVP
< 3 cm @45*
75
Who is low risk for CAD and doesn’t need any further testing?
Women < 50, men < 40, atypical chest pain, no risk factors
76
Most common post-MI complication
Thrombus in LA—> get echo in PT w stroke, peripheral thrombus, etc etc
77
Chronic venous insufficiency tx
Lifestyle (Leg raise, ex, comp stockings), duplex US
78
Septic shock
SVR decreases (vasodilation), CO increases, PCWP/LA pressure decreases, lactate (dec perfusion) metabolic acidosis
79
RAAS system
``` SNS B1—>inc renin (Bb) Angiotensinogen—>ATI (renin inh aliskiren) ATI—>ATII (ACEi) ATII—>vasoconstriction, inc aldo (ARB) Aldo—>Na H2O retention (spironolactone) ```
80
Mediastinitis
2 weeks after CABG
81
Which direction of shunt is the bad one
RIGHT TO LEFT (not in alphabetical order, fucked uppppp)
82
TCA toxicity
Tachycardic, Long QT (hypoCa), altered, Get EKG! Give bicarb to minimized effects on QRS
83
Cocaine
Same as ACS (O2, ASA, nitro) BUT NO BB, give benzo
84
Hypothermia
<28 severe <32 moderate <35 mild
85
Transposition of great vessels
MC cyanosis neonatal pd, DOES NOT RESPOND TO SUPPLEMENTAL O2, PDA, VSD or PFO give PGE DiGeorge (George is trans)
87
Superficial thrombophlebitis
RF varicose veins, red tender warm, +/- cord (if thrombus present), nl pulses, tx supportive
88
TIA
Carotid US
90
Amaurosis fugax causes
TIA (carotid US), GCA (ESR, bx), OPHTHALMIC ARTERY IS A BRANCH OF THE INTERNAL CAROTID
91
Fat embolism
24-48 h after ortho surg, may look like PE + RASH
92
CENTRAL cyanosis
lips tongue nails, cong heart dz NOT PHYSIOLOGIC
93
Blunt thoracic aortic injury
MVC, stable CT angiogram or TEE, unstable surgery
94
Long QT-->Torsades du pointe
>0.44M, 0.46F, Give Mg
95
Aortic regurgitation
Asyx LV eccentric (thicker and bigger) inc compliance --> CHF
96
Upper extremity DVT
Central line, young male wt lifter or b-ball
97
Carotid endarterectomy
>70% stenosis + SX
98
Acute coronary ischemia
Ventricular arrhythmia
99
Digoxin
ACUTE toxicity hyperK | CHRONIC toxicity hypoK, hypoMg --> PVCs
100
PAD pain in calves
femoropopliteal arteries
101
Skin probs PAD vs venous stasis
CHF=venous stasis
102
Mitral stenosis
Opening snap S2, diastolic murmur apex, rheumatic fever hx, LV OK until progresses to regurg--> will have s/s R heart probs
103
VSD prenatal/postnatal
prenatal RVP=LVP, postnatal fall in pulm vasc resistance causes L-->R shunt = murmur 10days old
104
Statin indications
ACS, DM 40-75, 10y risk 7.5%, LDL>190
105
Giant cell arteritis
Polymyalgia rheumatica, aortic aneurysm

STEP 2 AG (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions