Caries and Diet Flashcards
(69 cards)
True or False: Caries rates are NOT strongly correlated with nutritional status.
True, not strongly
Poorly mineralized teeth are more susceptible to demineralization, but they will not decay if the _________ for bacterial acid production is not present.
local substrate
Teeth, well-formed and mineralized or not, cannot withstand a strong ________.
environmental challenge
What is the most important variable in the caries process?
the challenge to teeth from products of bacteria-substrate interactions
What type of caries are primarily associated with industrialized societies?
smooth surface caries (processed foods)
In pre-industrialized societeies, caries rates are ____ and primarily confined to ______ and _____ caries.
low
root surface and fissure caries
What kind of diet shows an increase in caries rates?
diets of refined foods
True or False: The amount of sugar consumed per capita per year correlates with caries rates.
True
In a plot of “sugar consumption in non-industrialized nations” against “DMFT” is there a correlation?
Yes, decayed-missing-filled teeth increase as sugar consumption increases in NON-INDUSTRIALIZED nations
In a plot of sugar consumption in industrialized nations” against “DMFT” is there a correlation? Why?
No, there is no clear relationship (increase in caries with increased sugar) in INDUSTRIALIZED nations. This is different from non-industrialized!!! Why? because when sugar consumption is already high at baseline, increasing above that threshold will have very little influence on caries rates
According to the WHO, there is a _________ between amount of free sugar intake and dental caries for both children and adults.
positive assocation
According to the WHO, evidence shows a ______ relationship between sucrose and monosaccharides intake and the progressive lifelong development of caries.
log-linear dose-response relationship
Evidence from the WHO resulted in new guidelines for sugar consumption: Sugar intake be reduced to LESS than ____% of total calories or roughly ____teaspoons/____grams per day.
10%
12 teaspoons
50 grams
*prior guidelines “no more than 10%”…now, “less than”
True or False: Much of the sugar consumed today is hidden in processed foods that are not usually seen as sweet.
True,
ex. 1 tablespoon ketchup= 1 teaspoon sugar
In wartime England (WWII) there was a German blockade of shipments which results in an “accidental experiment.” What were the conclusions?
German blockade= restrictions placed on sucrose
- 1-3 years after blockade: caries rates in children decreased from reduction in sugar
- 1-2 years postwar: caries rates increased dramatically
Describe the Vipeholm study.
From 1945 to 1954 in the mental hospital of Vipeholm in Sweeden: through three phases of the study, diet type and composition were controlled.
1. Vitamins/basic low carb
2. Carbohydrate 1/extreme carbohydrates
3. Carbohydrate 2/average,normal carbohydrates
*CONTROL: no sugar for 3 years
Other groups: Sucrose (300g in solution with meals), Sweetened Bread, Chocolate (between meals), Toffee (between meals), Caramel (snacks)
What were the conclusions of the Vipeholm Study?
The most critical changes in caries rates were related to time of sugar exposure (between meals) and texture of sugar source (sticky *toffee and caramel). The amount of exposures is more important than the weight amount per consumption.
What did the Hopewood Study show us?
That children living in communal homes, even on a normal diet, usually have lower caries rates than children living with their parents…
*strict dietary control (natural diet with limited between meal snacks) results in fewer cavities, even if hygiene is poor and fluoride insufficient
Which has higher preference for high concentration of sugar in sweet tea: urban or rural children?
Urban
Is there learned, genetic, or multiple factors that contribute to sugar preference?
Learned and Genetic:
- sweet preference changes with exposure
- nontaster/taster/supertaster: non-tasters have more caries
True or False: Supertasters have higher caries rates than non-tasters.
False, non-tasters have higher rates! if they can’t taste it, they keep adding more
Dietary modification can reduce ______ counts for extended period of time.
lactobacillus
selection of cariogenic bacteria by high carb diet
Rank cariogenicity of sucrose, cooked starches, and fructose from most to least.
Most cariogenic: SUCROSE
cariogenic: fructose
Least cariogenic: cooked starches
In the dental student experiment where participants were subjected to 9 daily rinses of 50% sucrose and no oral hygiene, white spot lesions were evident after how many weeks?
2 weeks
