Caries Mix

Question 1

what type of disclosing agent are used commonly?

Answer 1

erythrosin

Question 2

what is used for chemical plaque removal?

Answer 2

antibiotics
antiseptics
enzymes

Question 3

what drugs can cause a dry mouth?

Answer 3

antihypertensives
antidepressants
diuretics
sedatives

Question 4

what diet advice can be given to reduce caries?

Answer 4

reduced frequency
no sugar snacks between meals
avoid sugary drinks
avoid sticky sugar foods
suggest safe alternatives

Question 5

what is microbial succession?

Answer 5

as strep moves to actinomyces over 1-14 days

Question 6

what does acidogenic mean?

Answer 6

dietary sugars changed to acid by plaque

Question 7

what does aciduric mean?

Answer 7

can thrive at a low pH

Question 8

what is the outer zone of dentine caries?

Answer 8

demineralised, infected, cant remineralised

Question 9

what is the inner zone?

Answer 9

affected zone
demineralised but can remineralise
minimally infected

Question 10

what are the 3 modes of action of fluoride?

Answer 10

increased remineralisation
increased resistance to demin
reduced acid production by plaque

Question 11

what is fluorosis?

Answer 11

enamel hypoplasia
increased fluoride affects anemal matrix and calcification
causes impaired ameloblastic function

Question 12

treatment of fluorosis?

Answer 12

micro abrasion
bleaching
resin restoration
veneers

Question 13

what is the content of saliva?

Answer 13

99. 5% water

0. 05% electrolyes and proteins

Question 14

how much saliva is secreted per day and from where?

Answer 14

0.5-0.6 litres per day

submandibular, sublingual and parotid gland

Question 15

at rest where is the most saliva secreted from?

Answer 15

submandibular

Question 16

when stimulated where is the most saliva secreted from?

Answer 16

parotid

Question 17

what is the appearance like of a dry mouth?

Answer 17

dry glossy atrophic mucosa
infections
angular chelitis
hard to speak/swallow/chew
caries

Question 18

what is a PRR done for?

Answer 18

minimal pits/fissure caries
restore caries and seal rest of system
new/recurrent caries are not an issue

Question 19

why might restorations fail?

Answer 19

new disease - secondary/recurrent caries,pulpal inflammation/trauma
technical failure - tooth/restoration failure,appearance

Question 20

how to tell how active root surface caries are?

Answer 20

closer to g.margin = more active
softer = more bacteria
deeper = more active
bigger = more active

Question 21

how to detect approximal caries?

Answer 21

transillumination, ortho seperators, radiographs, floss/probe

Question 22

what is electronic resistance measurer?

Answer 22

sound enamel insulates

caries = porosities = water/ions = passage of electrinc current

Question 23

types of electrinic resistance measurers?

Answer 23

vanguard

electronic caries meter

Question 24

what is DIFOTI?

Answer 24

uses transillumination to detect approx caries

Question 25

how are dyes used for caries detection?

Answer 25

demin at advancing front, stains demineralised tissue | false negatives/non sepcific

Question 26

what is diagnodent?

Answer 26

uses laser to fluoresce tooth tissue caries alters fluorescing low reading = sound tooth QLF better

Question 27

what are vertical bitewings used to detect?

Answer 27

furcations | severity and pattern of bone loss

Question 28

what is the rapid drop on a stephan curve caused by?

Answer 28

rapid drop in pH caused by plaque metabolising sugar

Question 29

what causes a slow rise in the stephan curve?

Answer 29

slow rise is caused by acid products diffusing out and action of saliva

Question 30

how long does pH recovery take?

Answer 30

15-40 mins

Question 31

what governs the shape of a stephan curve?

Answer 31

saliva dilutes an clears metabolites buffers

Question 32

how does xylitol work to prevent caries?

Answer 32

suppresses Smutans remineralisation of initial enamel lesion synergistic with fluoride

Question 33

how might malnutrition affect teeth?

Answer 33

delayed tooth eruption hyperplastic enamel structure increase caries because reduced saliva

Question 34

when does etched enamel remineralise?

Answer 34

24 hours

Question 35

how to do a fissure sealant?

Answer 35

``` clean fissures acid etch 15-20 seconds wash isolate dry apply sealant light cure or self cure ```

Question 36

what does sealing over caries cause?

Answer 36

cariostasis

Question 37

caries vaccinations against what?

Answer 37

strep mutans

Question 38

translucent zone?

Answer 38

1-2% porosity 1st carious change large pores = periphery lost

Question 39

dark zone?

Answer 39

5-10% porosity large and small pores demin/remin

Question 40

body of lesion?

Answer 40

25-50% porosity

Question 41

surface zone?

Answer 41

highly mineralised - high F content | 1-2% porosity

Question 42

what are arrested caries?

Answer 42

wide well developed dark zones

Question 43

how is cavitation caused?

Answer 43

demineralisation and bacterial invasion

Question 44

defence mechanisms against caries?

Answer 44

- reactionary/tertiary dentine - sclerotic/translucent dentine - if rapid progression, there is no sclerosis and odontoblasts dies = may be some reparative dentine

Question 45

what is the critical pH of fluoroapatite?

Answer 45

4.5