Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Massage Therapy > Carrie CNS > Flashcards

Carrie CNS Flashcards

(86 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Seizures definition

A

Spontaneous uncontrolled abnormal discharge of neurons in the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Seizure causes

A

Primarily idiopathic

Secondary to cerebral scarring from head injury, birth trauma, or infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Generalized seizure

A

Petite mal
Absence seizure

Grand mal
Tonic colic seizure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Seizure
status elipticus?

A

Status elipticus is a seizure that does not stop spontaneously

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Massage treatment considerations for seizure

A

May perform on floormat if seizures involve large uncontrolled movements

Remove objects in vicinity

Keep pillows nearby in case seizure occurs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Hemiplegia definition

A

Non-progressive condition of paralysis on one side of the body as a result from a CNS lesion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Hemiplegia occurs side? Why?

A

Occurs on opposite side to which the brain lesion has occurred

Due to the crossover of nerves at the pyramidal tracts in medulla oblongata

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Hemiplegia CVA

A

CVA is a cerebral vascular accident also referred to as a stroke

Last for less than 24 hours TIA, which is a transient ischaemic attack

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Hemiplegia causes

A

Cerebral thrombosis, cerebral haemorrhage due to aneurism and cerebral embolism

Most common cause of stroke leading to hemiplegia

Thrombotic stroke 66%
Embolism 5 to 14%
Haemorrhage 14 to 20%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Hemiplegia causes specific

A

Head trauma from fall or MVA can result in haemorrhage

Brain tumour can lead to erosion which leads to haemorrhage and then hemiplegia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Hemiplegia commonly affected areas

A

Internal capsule and vestibular system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Circumduct gate

A

Swing affected leg forward to clear the floor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Hemiplegic shoulder

A

Adduction and internal rotation of shoulder with retraction of scapula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Hemiplegia neglect

A

Neglect of affected side. Can disassociate with affected limb and deny ownership.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Apraxia

A

Inability to properly organize attempts at movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Hemiplegia contraindications

A

Results of CVA make modifications to treatment and Hydro as per hypertension protocol

Tech not on neck, one side at a time

Do not place head in extension or rotation

With tissue fragility, modify Hydro and weight

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Multiple sclerosis definition

A

A condition in which demyelination of a nerve occurs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Sclerotic plaques

A

Scar tissue, which can cause a slowing, disruption, or blockage of nerve transmission

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Multiple sclerosis what is affected?

A

White matter is affected, lesions found in brainstem, cerebellum, and spinal cord

Some cranial nerves can be affected optic and trigeminal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Multiple sclerosis types

A

Benign

Attack remitting
(benign or mild attack remitting)
(chronic progressive attack remitting)

Acute progressive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Multiple sclerosis causes

A

Unclear, but some factors include

Genetic
Environmental
Viral
Immunological

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Multiple sclerosis cure?

A

No cure but strategies include massage therapy increase physical awareness, temporary decrease spasticity, improve soft tissue and joint health decrease contractures decrease stress and increase emotional well-being

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Parkinson’s definition

A

Movement disorder involving the progressive degeneration of nerve tissue and a reduction in neurotransmitters producing in the CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Primary signs and symptoms of Parkinson’s

A

Resting tremor
Bradykinesia
Rigidity
Nonspecific weakness, achiness, or fatigue
Poor postural reflexes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Secondary signs and symptoms of Parkinson’s
Fascinating gait Disfunction with speech and eating Handwriting changes Sleep disorders Depression Mental degradation
26
Bradykinesia
Difficulty with initiation and sustaining movement
27
Freezing phenomenon
Sudden inability to move feet as if they are rooted to the ground
28
Festinating gait
Small steps with leaning forward posture
29
Parkinson’s handwriting changes
Micrographia is progressive, shrinkage, and cramping of handwriting
30
Parkinson’s progression stage one
Unilateral presentation Rigidity or tremors If mild symptoms, no treatment is needed If moderate symptoms, Massage and Physio are used
31
Parkinson’s progression stage two
Bilateral Moderate tremors, rigidity, and bradykinesia Balance is not affected Levodopa therapy started
32
Parkinson’s progression stage three
Significant tremors, rigidity, and bradykinesia Balance and walking impairment occurs Unsteadiness, Dystoria and freezing occurs
33
Parkinson’s progression stage four
Severe bradykinesia Walking is still possible, but highly impaired Some assistance with daily activity may be required
34
Parkinson’s progression stage five
Complete loss of ability to function and independence Person is immobile
35
Parkinson treatment
Levodopa is the active form of dopa and a precursor to dopamine Carbidopa allows more levodopa to access the brain
36
Cerebral palsy types
Spastic Athetoid Ataxic Dystonic Mix
37
Cerebral palsy three causes
Prenatal causes Birth trauma Acquired CP
38
Anoxia
Absence of oxygen
39
Strabismus
Lack of parallel alignment of eyes
40
Cerebral palsy muscles
Muscles are chronically tight, causing tight restrictive contractures
41
Cerebral palsy signs and symptoms. Athetoid
Slow writhing movements
42
Cerebral palsy signs and symptoms. Choreform.
Quick uncontrolled movements without purpose
43
Cerebral palsy sensory loss. Agnosia
Inability to distinguish objects by touch. Decrease in proprioception.
44
Cerebral palsy treatment
Physical or occupational therapy Swimming horseback riding Surgeries Massage therapy
45
Spinal cord injury definition
is an injury to the vertebral column, spinal cord or both, due to a direct or indirect trauma
46
Spinal cord injury, structure of spinal cord
Motor and sensory pathway tracts Corticospinal tract is descending tract, motor control, movements of neck, trunk, and limbs Ascending tract is sensory info to the brain
47
Spinal cord injury, most common place
Between C4 and C6 Between T12 and L1
48
Quadriplegia
All four limbs, trunk, pelvic organs at T1 or higher
49
Paraplegia
Lower limbs at T2 and below
50
Spinal cord injury causes
MVA Diving Sports Penetrating wounds Occupational hazards Spinal stenosis Non-traumatic injury
51
Spinal shock
Loss of voluntary motor control, sensory, and autonomic disfunction below lesion Resolves within 24 hours to several weeks
52
Poliomyelitis definition
Acute viral infection, specifically affecting the motor neurons in the cord and brainstem
53
Spinal poliomyelitis
Inflammation and destruction of anterior horn cells at any level of spinal cord
54
Post polio syndrome
Late complications of paralytic polio Occurs long after initial infection, 10 to 40 years later Unknown
55
Central nervous system comprised of
Brain and spinal cord
56
Autonomic dysreflexia
Excessive sympathetic response to specific stimuli
57
Dysphasia
Impaired speech
58
Aphasia
Inability to speak
59
Spasticity
This occurs when there is a loss of inhibition of alpha motor, neurons firing
60
Upper body flexor pattern
Flexion of head/trunk toward effective side Depression of shoulder Retraction of scapula Internal rotation and adduction of GH joint Flexion of elbow Pronation of forearm Flexion of wrist and fingers with thumb adduction
61
Upper body extensor pattern
Slight extension of neck head Trunk bent away from affected side Retraction of scapula Internal rotation of glenohumeral joint Rigid extension of elbow with pronation of forearm Flexion of hand with tight fist PIP and DIP flexion Palm facing backwards
62
Lower body flexor pattern
Abduction External rotation and flexion of the hip Flexion of the knee Dorsey flex and inversion of an Flexion of toes
63
Lower body extensor pattern
Adduction, internal rotation, and extension of hip Plantar flexion and inversion of ankle Extension of knee
64
Extensor thrust pattern
Vigourously extend limbs while arching back
65
Positive supporting reaction
Stiffening of leg and extension or flexion
66
Grasp reflex
Withdrawal of the entire arm and tightly flexed position
67
How is spasticity useful?
Spasticity and legs can assist with standing or transferring from wheelchair to a bed.
68
Spasticity Massage techniques
Variety of Swedish techniques Slow rhythmic, shaking of limb GTO release Passive range of motion of affected joint (perform carefully so not to cause stretch reflex)
69
Rigidity definition
Described as resistance to movement inflection extension, and rotation
70
Leaded pipe rigidity
Uniform resistance throughout range of motion
71
Cog wheel rigid
Ratchet like movement of an affected limb
72
Encourage whole body integration
Stand on weaker side, so Client looks toward weaker side Encourage client to visualize and feel movement during passive movement If able, ask Client to do same movement on unaffected side
73
Diplopia
Double vision
74
Nystagmus
Constant involuntary cyclical motion of the eye
75
Dysarthria
Inability to coordinate the muscles of speech
76
Comprehension difficulty
Speak slowly and clearly rather than loudly Short sentences are more easily understood Repetition for instructions of a particular task Be mindful not to be condescending
77
Echolalia
Mimicking or passively repeating
78
Postural imbalances. Scoliosis.
Tendency to collapse on weaker side
79
Postural imbalances. Hyper kyphosis.
Slumping forward from weak trunk extensors
80
Decubitus ulcers definition
Skin lesions caused by external pressure, shearing, or friction forces
81
Decubitus ulcers factors
Sensory and motor loss due to neurological disorders place persons at high risk May not notice and don’t take action to rectify May not be able to physically change position
82
Decubitus ulcers
Commonly occurs over, boney prominences such as sacrum, ischial tuberosity, greater trochanter, spin process, calcaneus, elbow
83
Decubitus ulcers stage one
Local arrhythmia followed by warmth and hardening swelling over fragile, but intact area Usually redness will diminish upon release of pressure If redness does not resolve within 30 minutes may indicate pressure source could also present reddish, brown, or purple blue
84
Decubitus ulcers stage two
More tissue affected epidermis to dermis Partial thickness Blister abrasions or shallow ulcer may be present Area is moist, pink and painful
85
Decubitus ulcers stage three
Full thickness, skin loss down to subcutaneous layer Cavity is created with exudate and crust forming Crust or eschar is thick and leathery, necrotic tissue
86
Decubitus ulcers stage four
Full thickness, wound with damage and necrosis into underlaying muscles and bone Deep cavity that may be covered with eschar May lead to sepsis

Massage Therapy (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions