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carter-little-2007-justifying-knowledge-justifying-method-taking-action-epistemologies-methodologies-and-methods-in Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the three fundamental facets of qualitative research?

A

Epistemology, methodology, and method

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2
Q

How does epistemology relate to qualitative research?

A

Epistemology determines and is made visible through method, guiding methodological choices and influencing research quality

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3
Q

Define epistemology in the context of qualitative research.

A

The study of the nature of knowledge and justification

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4
Q

What is methodology?

A

A theory and analysis of how research should proceed, including assumptions, principles, and procedures

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5
Q

Fill in the blank: Methodology justifies _______.

A

method

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6
Q

What are methods in qualitative research?

A

Techniques for gathering evidence and procedures used in research

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7
Q

What is the relationship between method, methodology, and epistemology?

A

Epistemology modifies methodology, which justifies methods that produce data and analyses

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8
Q

True or False: Qualitative research relies on numerical data.

A

False

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9
Q

What are some common qualitative data collection methods?

A
  • Observation
  • Interviews
  • Focus groups
  • Collection of extant texts
  • Elicitation of texts
  • Creation or collection of images
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10
Q

What is purposive sampling?

A

Sampling selected to serve an investigative purpose rather than to be statistically representative

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11
Q

List some methodologies that justify methods in qualitative research.

A
  • Grounded theory approaches
  • Narrative methodologies
  • Ethnographies
  • Participatory action research
  • Phenomenological traditions
  • Case study approaches
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12
Q

What is methodological fundamentalism?

A

The insistence that a particular methodology is the ‘one true’ qualitative research and should not be changed or combined with others

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13
Q

What is the significance of reflexivity in qualitative research?

A

A reflexive researcher actively adopts a theory of knowledge, which is essential for knowledge creation

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14
Q

What is the role of a methodologist?

A

To describe, explain, justify, evaluate, and help understand methods

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15
Q

What is the importance of qualitative research reporting?

A

To engage with epistemology, methodology, and method effectively

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16
Q

Fill in the blank: Knowledge is created from _______ and analyses.

A

data

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17
Q

What can influence logic-in-use in qualitative research?

A

Reconstructed logic, which is based on logic-in-use and can idealize it

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18
Q

True or False: Methodologies are static and do not evolve.

A

False

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19
Q

What is the contribution of epistemology to qualitative research?

A

It provides the theoretical foundation related to theories of knowledge

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20
Q

What is the common concern among qualitative researchers regarding assessment?

A

The fear that inappropriate measures will be used to evaluate their work

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21
Q

What does the article argue should transcend standardized checklists in qualitative research?

A

A systematic way of thinking about and assessing qualitative research

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22
Q

Who are Anna’s supervisors?

A

Professors Rachel Rose and Peter Jeffery

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23
Q

What is Professor Jeffery’s belief about knowledge creation in qualitative research?

A

Knowledge is jointly created through interactions between the researcher and participants

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24
Q

According to Professor Jeffery, what should Anna reflect on during her research process?

A

Her own subjectivity

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25
What does Professor Jeffery advise about participants' words?
They do not provide access to internal states or measurable entities
26
What is Professor Rose's approach to understanding school-age smoking?
To understand it in a way that is as generalizable as possible
27
How does Professor Rose believe Anna should ask questions?
In a nonleading, depersonalized manner
28
What is a key difference between Professor Jeffery and Professor Rose's views on participants?
Jeffery sees participants as active contributors; Rose sees them as subjects being studied
29
What does epistemology influence in qualitative research?
Methodology, implementation of method, relationship between researcher and participant, quality of methods, and representation
30
What is the relationship between methodology and methods?
Methodologies justify methods, and methods produce knowledge
31
What type of study might Professor Rose be attracted to based on her epistemological stance?
A phenomenological study based on Husserlian philosophy
32
What does Professor Jeffery prefer in terms of ethnography?
Performance ethnography that involves participants, researcher, and audience
33
What does Professor Rose suggest to increase data accuracy?
Use multiple observers and triangulate different data sources
34
True or False: Professor Jeffery believes Anna should aim for repeatability in her findings.
False
35
Fill in the blank: Epistemology is _______.
[axiological]
36
What does axiology relate to in the context of epistemology?
Values and ethical weight
37
What is the role of methodology in qualitative research?
To justify, explain, and help understand research methods
38
How do objectives, research questions, and study design interact with methodology?
They shape the choice of methodology and vice versa
39
What methodology would guide Anna to study smoking as a culture?
Ethnographic methodology
40
What is the goal of action research in Anna's context?
To make changes to smoking in a community or school
41
What is a possible outcome of Anna's study according to her findings on smoking?
Smoking as an exciting social ritual and status marker
42
What is the aim of an action research approach?
To make changes to smoking in a community or a school. ## Footnote Action research focuses on practical change and improvement in specific contexts.
43
What does case study methodology involve?
Studying a recent event and its lead-up and aftermath. ## Footnote Case studies provide in-depth insights into specific instances or events.
44
How do objectives, questions, and study design influence methodology?
They shape the choice of methodology and vice versa. ## Footnote This iterative decision-making process is crucial for aligning research goals and methods.
45
What is a grounded theory study likely to produce?
A theory. ## Footnote Grounded theory focuses on generating theories based on data rather than testing existing ones.
46
What is the main requirement of a grounded theory study design?
Theoretical sampling. ## Footnote Theoretical sampling involves selecting participants based on their relevance to the emerging theory.
47
How can qualitative research be considered 'theoretical'?
Through connections to academic disciplines and the use of existing theories during analysis. ## Footnote Theoretical grounding can enhance the depth and relevance of qualitative research.
48
What is a unique characteristic of grounded theory methodology?
It is designed to generate rather than verify theory. ## Footnote This focus distinguishes grounded theory from other methodologies that may prioritize theory testing.
49
What is the difference between cultural anthropology ethnography and critical ethnography?
Cultural anthropology ethnography seeks thick, atheoretical descriptions; critical ethnography analyzes through the lens of critical theory. ## Footnote The choice of ethnography type significantly influences the research focus and outcomes.
50
What is the contribution of methods to qualitative research?
Methods determine the final research product. ## Footnote The choice of methods affects data collection and analysis, impacting the overall findings.
51
What should researchers prioritize when selecting methods?
Purposeful and careful selection based on the research product they will generate. ## Footnote Familiarity or ease of implementation should not drive method selection.
52
What is the relationship between method, methodology, and epistemology?
They are intricately connected and influence each other throughout the research process. ## Footnote Understanding these relationships is critical for coherent research design.
53
What is the first decision to make in constructing a qualitative research study?
Choosing an epistemological position. ## Footnote This foundational decision shapes methodology and methods.
54
What is the significance of selecting a variant of a methodology?
It influences objectives, research questions, and study design. ## Footnote The chosen methodology guides the research strategy.
55
What must researchers ensure about their methods, methodology, and epistemology?
They must be internally consistent. ## Footnote Consistency is essential for justifying research choices and outcomes.
56
What does the research quality debate emphasize for qualitative research?
An internally consistent set of elements: epistemology, methodology, and method. ## Footnote This systematic approach can enhance the quality and credibility of qualitative research.
57
What is a potential limitation mentioned in the framework?
The absence of ontology. ## Footnote Ontology questions the nature of reality but is often treated as a separate philosophical issue.
58
What do some readers prefer instead of pluralism in qualitative research?
A single measure of 'good' qualitative research. ## Footnote This preference reflects a desire for unity in research standards.
59
What is the main premise of pluralism in qualitative research?
Pluralism acknowledges diverse logics in qualitative research and resists the imposition of a single measure of 'good' research ## Footnote Kaplan (1964) argued against the notion of a singular governing logic for ideas, suggesting that such a belief is parochial.
60
What does the framework discussed aim to provide for researchers?
A way of thinking that guides researchers through methods and assists in making sound choices ## Footnote The framework emphasizes the importance of engagement and informed assessment over simple box-checking.
61
True or False: The article suggests that researchers should always be methodologists or epistemologists.
False ## Footnote While researchers may not wish to be methodologists, awareness of epistemology and methodology can enhance their work.
62
Fill in the blank: The achievement of unity in qualitative research would require the repression of existing useful _______.
[logics] ## Footnote The article discusses the dangers of repressing diverse epistemological values.
63
What is the distinction made between substantive and formal theory?
Substantive theory relates to concrete issues, while formal theory is more abstract and far-reaching ## Footnote Glaser and Strauss (1967) defined substantive theory as explaining specific experiences, while formal theory generalizes across many situations.
64
What is necessary for meaningful evaluation of qualitative research?
Engagement with and informed assessment of the logic of a piece of work ## Footnote This approach is preferred over simple adherence to straightforward criteria.
65
What did Kaplan (1964) argue regarding the world of ideas?
It has no barriers and does not require a single true 'Logic' to govern it ## Footnote This perspective supports the pluralistic view in qualitative research.
66
What is required for researchers to judge the quality of qualitative work?
Evaluation, wisdom, and learning ## Footnote These elements are essential for assessing whether work is based on consistent methods and epistemologies.
67
What role does methodological awareness play according to the article?
It carries substantial benefit for researchers ## Footnote Being aware of methodology helps justify methods and findings.
68
What challenge is noted regarding the framework for qualitative research?
It may not provide enough concrete instruction for conducting or evaluating research ## Footnote Despite this, the article encourages researchers to engage with existing resources on methods.

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