Cartilage and Bone

Question 1

What are the 3 main components of cartilages?

Answer 1

Ground substance
Fibers
Cells

Question 2

Physical properties of cartilage depends on what?

Answer 2

1-Composition of the ECM
2-The type and arrangement of fibres

Question 3

What is the most cartilage type?

Answer 3

Hyaline Cartilage

Question 4

What is Lacunae?

Answer 4

A small chamber in the matrix occupied by one or more chondrocytes

Question 5

What are the features of Elastic Cartilage?

Answer 5

Flexible, avascular connective tissues that provide support and resistance to compression

Question 6

What is osteoid?

Answer 6

Un-mineralised organic component of ECM (28%)

Question 7

What are the 2 different conformation of bone tissues?

Answer 7

Compact (cortical) bone
Spongy (trabecular) bone

Question 8

Cells of bone tissue

Answer 8

Osteogenic/osteoprogenitor cells
Osteoblast
Osteocyte
Osteoclast

Question 9

What is Lamellae?

Answer 9

layers of bone tissue

Question 10

Answer 10

Osteon (Haversian system)

Question 11

Answer 11

Concentric lamellae

Question 12

Answer 12

Central canal

Question 13

Answer 13

Lymphatic vessel
Nerve
Blood vessels

Question 14

Answer 14

Circumferential lamellae

Question 15

Answer 15

Interstitial lamellae

Question 16

Disorders of bone and cartilage

Answer 16

Periodontitis
Arthritis
Osteomalacia

Question 17

Which component of cartilage is responsible for conferring significant compression strength?

a.Collagen fibres
b.Hyaluronic acid
c.Chondroitin sulphate
d.perichondrium

Answer 17

c.Chondroitin sulphate

Question 18

Which feature is common to all cartilages?

a.Contains thick bundles of collagen fibres
b.Avascular
c.Contains mostly elastic fibres
d.Encased in perichondrium

Answer 18

b.Avascular

Question 19

Articular cartilage is a modification of which other type of cartilage?

Answer 19

Hyaline Cartilage

Question 20

What name is given to the outer fibrous connective tissue surrounding hyaline cartilage?

Answer 20

perichondrium

Question 21

What is the name for the small chamber in which chondrocytes are located?

Answer 21

Lacunae

Question 22

Elastic cartilage is histologically similar to which other type of cartilage?

a.articular
b.fibro
c.hyaline

Answer 22

c.hyaline

Question 23

Which type of cartilage is dominated by dense bundles of collagen fibres?

a.elastic
b.articular
c.hyaline
d.fibro

Answer 23

d.fibro

Question 24

What is the name of the organic component of bone matrix?

Answer 24

osteoid

Question 25

What is the name of the mineralised component of bone matrix that confers hardness?

Answer 25

Hydroxyapatite

Question 26

Bone is arranged in layers. What general name is give to these layers?

Answer 26

Lamellae

Question 27

What name is given to the outer connective tissue that surrounds bones?

Answer 27

Periosteum

Question 28

What is the only type of bone cell that can divide? a.Osteogenic b.Osteoblast c.Osteocyte d.osteoclast

Answer 28

a.Osteogenic

Question 29

What is the name of the functional unit of compact bone that is arranged in a series of concentric lamellae?

Answer 29

Osteon

Question 30

What is the name of the canal in the middle of osteons?

Answer 30

central

Question 31

What alternative name is used to describe Volkmann's canals?

Answer 31

Perforating

Question 32

What name is given to the layers of bone that lie between osteons and represent the remnants of old partially resorbed osteons?

Answer 32

Interstitial lamellae

Question 33

What name is given to the tiny canals through which osteocytes maintain direct contact with their neighbours?

Answer 33

Canaliculi

Question 34

What functional feature of compact bone is not evident in spongy/trabecular bone?

Answer 34

osteon

Question 35

Trabeculae are lined externally by a cellular layer known as what?

Answer 35

endosteum

Question 36

What term is used to describe the balance between bone formation and bone resorption? a.osteoclastogenic b.harmonius c.osteoblastogenic d.coupled

Answer 36

d.coupled

Question 37

Which cell type differentiates from immune cell lineage? a.osteoclast b.osteocyte c.osteoblast d.osteogenic

Answer 37

a.osteoclast

Question 38

Which cell type is involved in bone resorption? a.osteoclast b.osteogenic c.osteocyte d.osteoblast

Answer 38

a.osteoclast

Question 39

Rickets is a condition that affects the bone structure of children. Which component of bone is most affected? a.osteoid b.osteoclasts c.hydroxyapatite d.collagen fibres

Answer 39

c.hydroxyapatite

Question 40

What physiological process drives osteoclastogenesis in conditions such as periodontitis and rheumatoid arthritis? a.Inflammation b.Osteoblastogenesis c.Infection d.Hormonal disruption

Answer 40

a.Inflammation