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Histology > Muscle Tissue > Flashcards

Muscle Tissue Flashcards

(65 cards)

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1
Q

3 muscle types

A

Skeletal, Cardiac, Smooth

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2
Q

3 ways muscle tissue is classified as

A

Control( voluntary, involuntary)
Structure (Striated, Non-striated)
Muscle type ( Skeletal, Cardiac, Smooth)

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3
Q

Skeletal muscle tissue is regulated by which branch of the nervous system?

A

Somatic ( voluntary)

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4
Q

Cardiac and smooth muscle is regulated by which branch of the nervous system?

A

Autonomic (involuntary)

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5
Q

2 types of muscle structure

A

Striated & Non-striated

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6
Q

The function of skeletal muscle

A

Specialised for contractions that produce movement
Voluntary movement of skeleton
Subconscious movement ( Balance/posture)

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7
Q

Describe the histological appearance of skeletal muscle cell (fibres)

A

Elongated/cylindrical cells, multinucleated cells, main tissue type in skeletal muscle

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8
Q

Skeletal muscle tissue components

A

Skeletal muscle tissue
Nervous tissue
Blood vessels
Connective tissues

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9
Q

What tissue wraps around the entire muscle?

A

Epimysium - (dense irregular)

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10
Q

What makes up muscle fibres?

A

Myofibrils

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11
Q

What repeating units compose myofibrils?

A

Myofilaments

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12
Q

What is a fasciculi?

A

Bundles of muscle fibres grouped together

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13
Q

Name the 2 types of myofilaments?

A

Myosin (Dark thick bands)
Actin (Light thin bands)

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14
Q

What is the name of the contractile unit spanning from z-z lines?

A

Sarcomeres

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15
Q

What mechanism name allows sarcomere contraction?

A

Sliding filament mechanism

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16
Q

Individual muscles fibres separated by?

A

Endomysium

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17
Q

What we call loose connective tissue that surrounds each fascicule?

A

perimysium

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18
Q

What name is given to a single motor neurone combined with all associated muscle fibres?

A

motor unit

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19
Q

What is the sarcolemma?

A

plasma membrane of skeletal muscle.

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20
Q

Describe the features of the sarcolemma?

A

Invaginates (Pores) into sarcoplasm to form membranous T tubules (Continuous with extracellular space)

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21
Q

What mesh like structure stems from T tubules?

A

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

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22
Q

What is concentrated within the Sarcoplasmic Reticulum?

A

Calcium Ions

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23
Q

What is the purpose of the sarcolemma and sarcoplasmic reticulum?

A

Synchronous contraction of sarcomeres

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24
Q

What is the function of cardiac muscle?

A

To pump blood through the cardiovascular system, specialised for autonomous contraction

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25
Describe the appearance of cardiac muscle cells
Elongated, branched cylindrical cells, 1 or 2 nuclei (centrally located), striated
26
Name the 3 layers of the heart wall?
Pericardium (outer) Myocardium (cardiac muscle tissue) Endocardium (Single layer of endothelial cells)
27
What are individual cardiac muscles cells known as?
cardiomyocytes
28
What type of loose connective tissue is present in cardiac muscle?
Reticular CT - to support rich capillary network
29
What are intercellular junctions known as in cardiac muscle tissue?
Intercalated disc (Anchor cardiac cells together)
30
What 2 junction types are found within intercalated discs?
Desmosomes & Gap junctions
31
Similarities of cardiac muscle with skeletal muscle?
Identical arrangement of sarcomeres Contain T tubules and sarcoplasmic reticulum Numerous mitochondria Glycogen(G) and Lipid (L) granules Contraction by sliding-filament mechanism
32
Differences of cardiac muscle with skeletal muscle?
Autonomous (involuntary) contraction SR – slowly leaks Ca2+ Conducting system Intercalated discs
33
What do intercalated discs help to facilitate during contraction?
Allow muscle function as syncytium (Cells working as a single unit)
34
What allows spontaneous depolarisation in pacemaker cells?
Slow Ca2+ leak
35
Where is smooth muscle found?
Lining hollow organs
36
What is smooth muscle specialised for?
Continuous contraction e.g. Peristalsis
37
Rate of inherent rhythm modulated by
Autonomic nervous stimulation Hormonal stimulation
38
Describe the structure of smooth muscle tissue?
Elongated, spindle shaped with tapered ends Single centrally located nuclei No sarcomeres
39
Explain how peristalsis physically works?
Inner circular later constricts lumen diameter Outer longitudinal layer shorted length
40
How are actin and myosin arranged in smooth muscle?
Criss-cross lattice
41
What anchors adjacent cells together?
Dense bodies
42
What is the third filament type present in smooth muscle?
Desmin
43
What role does Desmin play in contraction?
Helps to anchor actin to allow myosin to slide over
44
Skeletal muscle tissue is controlled by which branch of the nervous system? Autonomic Parasympathetic Sympathetic Somatic
Somatic
45
Which of the following best describes skeletal muscle cells? Short,branched fibres with a single nucleus Elongated, cylindrical fibres with a single nuclei Smooth tapered fibres with a single nucleus
Elongated, cylindrical fibres with a single nuclei
46
At rest, non-striated muscle is under control of which branch of the nervous system? Somatic Parasympathetic Sympathetic
Parasympathetic
47
What name is given to the loose connective tissue surrounding each skeletal muscle fibre? Epimysium Perimysium Sarcolemma Endomysium
Endomysium
48
What term describes the contractile unit of skeletal muscle? sarcolemma Sarcoplasm Sarcomere T tubules
Sarcomere
49
What connective tissue structure connects skeletal muscle to bone?
Tendon
50
What feature is shared with both skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle? Striations Number of nuclei Branched structure Somatic innervation
Striations
51
What feature is shared between cardiac and smooth muscle tissue? Branched structure Number of nuclei Sarcomerse Autonomic innervation
Autonomic innervation
52
In a resting skeletal muscle cell, which specialised structure sequesters calcium? Sarcolemma Sarcoplasmic reticulum Sarcoplasm Sarcomere
Sarcoplasmic reticulum
53
T-tubules extend inwards from which specialised skeletal muscle organelle?
Sarcolemma
54
In which layer of the heart are cardiomycytes located? Pericardium Myocardium Endocardium
Myocardium
55
Which of the following best describes cardiomyocytes? branched cynildcrial Tapered
branched
56
Which feature of cardiomyocytes facilitates synchronous contractions Intercalated discs Desmosomes Branchnig
Intercalated discs
57
which type of muscle tissue functions to propel contents through the gastrointestinal tract? Smooth Cardiac Skeletal
Smooth
58
What type of myofilament is found only in smooth muscle? Actin Myosin Desmin Vminient
Desmin
59
Muscle tissue is specialised to produce what?
contractions
60
What is the name given to the connective tissue layer that surrounds bundles of muscle fibres, known as fascicles? perimysium epimysium endomysium
perimysium
61
What is the name given to the connective tissue layer that surrounds individual skeletal muscle fibres? Perimysium epimysium endomysium
endomysium
62
What name is given to the structure formed by the coming together of the 3 connective tissue layers in skeletal muscle, at the tapering ends?
tendon
63
The neuronal action potential is converted to which chemical signal, released at the neuromuscular junction? serotonin glutamate adrenaline acetylcholine
acetylcholine
64
What structural feature of skeletal muscle fibres propagates action potentials into the interior of the cell? Myofibrils Sarcoplasmic reticulum T-tubules Sarcomeres
T-tubules
65
What structural feature of skeletal muscle fibres propagates action potentials into the interior of the cell? Myofibrils Sarcoplasmic reticulum T-tubules Sarcomeres
T-tubules

Histology (8 decks)

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