Cartilage And Bone

Question 1

What kind of tissue is cartilage?

Answer 1

Supportive Connective Tissue

Question 2

Does cartilage contain blood vessels?

Answer 2

Cartilage is Avascular

Question 3

What does cartilage contain?

Answer 3

Chondroblasts
Chondrocytes
Extracellular matrix

Question 4

What are chondroblasts

Answer 4

Cartilage cells that produce a semi-solid gel-like matrix which actively divide

Question 5

What are Chondrocytes

Answer 5

Cartilage cells which are surrounded by matrix and occupy small spaces called lacunae

Question 6

Functions of cartilage

Answer 6

Supporting soft tissues (ie. trachea and ear)
Gliding surface at articulation
Embryonic model of bone

Question 7

What are the three types of cartilage

Answer 7

Hyaline
Fibrocartilage
Elastic

Question 8

Hyaline cartilage

Answer 8

Most common but weakest
Found in: fetal skeletons, ends of articulating bones, in trachea, larynx and nose

Question 9

Fibrocartilage

Answer 9

Densely interwoven fibres = very durable for shock absorption
Found in: intervertebral disc, pubic symphysis, menisci of the knee

Question 10

Elastic cartilage

Answer 10

Main feature are the elastic fibres
Fibres can be stretched but will snap back to their original shape
Found in: epiglottis and external ear

Question 11

Bone make up

Answer 11

Solid connective tissue
Osteocytes (mature bones)
Extracellular matrix
Covered by Periosteum (dense irregular CT)

Question 12

Functions of bone

Answer 12

Support and Protection
Movement
Hemopoiesis
Storage of mineral and energy reserves

Question 13

Different classifications of bones

Answer 13

Long bones
Short bones
Flat bones
Irregular bones

Question 14

Gross anatomy of a long bone

Answer 14

Diaphysis
Epiphysis
Metaphysis (contains epiphyseal plate)
Articular cartilage
Medullary cavity (space in diaphysis, contains yellow marrow in adults)
Periosteum
Endosteum

Question 15

Cells of Bone (4)

Answer 15

Osteoprogenitor cells
Osteopblasts
Osteocytes
Osteoclasts

Question 16

Osteoprogenitor cells

Answer 16

Stem cells which produce more stem cells or osteoblasts
Found in: Endosteum and Periosteum

Question 17

Osteoblasts

Answer 17

Secretes bone matrix (osteoid)
Once trapped in matrix it becomes an osteocytes

Question 18

Osteocytes

Answer 18

Mature bone cells
Are within lacunae
They maintain matrix and mechanical stress on bone

Question 19

Osteoclasts

Answer 19

Large and multinuclear
Derived from bone marrow
Dissolves bone matrix; removes bone and releases Ca

Question 20

Bone matrix

Answer 20

Organic (1/3): cells, collagen fibres, ground substance
Inorganic: mainly hydroxyapatite

Question 21

Hydroxyapatite

Answer 21

The main inorganic component of bone matrix
Calcium phosphate and calcium hydroxide
The crystals deposit around collagen fibres which harden the bone matrix

Question 22

Two types of bone

Answer 22

Compact bone
Spongy bone

Question 23

Compact bone

Answer 23

AKA: dense, cortical
Solid, relatively dense
External surfaces of long and flat bones

Question 24

Spongy bone

Answer 24

AKA: cancellous, trabecular
Open lattice of narrow plates called trabeculae
Internal surface of bones
Porous

Question 25

Flat bone structure

Answer 25

Spongy bone sandwiched between 2 layers of compact bone

Question 26

Compact bone (microscopic anatomy)

Answer 26

Osteon (the big round layered thing)
Central canal, carries BV and nerves
Concentric lamellae, rings of bone around the central canal
Osteocytes, housed in lacunae between concentric lamellae
Canaliculi, interconnecting channels within bone that extend between lacunae, allows osteocytes to connect and communicate