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Histology Exam 2 TonyFrim > Cartilage and Bone > Flashcards

Cartilage and Bone Flashcards

1
Q

cartilage is simply described as a

A

specialized form of fibrous connective tissue

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2
Q

a main feature of cartilage compared to the rest of the body is that it is

A

avascular

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3
Q

Cartilage contains ________ embedded in the extracellular matrix

A

chondrocytes

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4
Q

Three types of cartilage

A

hyaline cartilage, elastic cartilage, fibrocartilage

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5
Q

3 primary functions of cartilage

A

support soft tissues

guide the development

growth of long bones

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6
Q

the temporary skeleton for the fetus until replaced with bone is primarily

A

hyaline cartilage

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7
Q

location of hyaline cartilage

A

articular ends of long bones in adults, walls of respiratory system (nose, larynx, trachea, and bronchi) and ventral ends of ribs

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8
Q

In the hyaline cartilage matrix, the area adjacent to chondrocytes is called

A

the territorial (capsular) matrix

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9
Q

the territorial (capsular) matrix is

A

poor in collagen, but rich in glycosaminoglycans

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10
Q

Components of hyaline cartilage matrix

A

homogenous, amorphous ground substance with proteoglycan aggregates and chondronectin embedded type II collagen

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11
Q

layer of dense irregular connective tissue-surrounds hyaline cartilage except at articular surfaces

A

Perichondrium

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12
Q

perichondrium provides

A

blood supply for the avascular cartilage

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13
Q

Components of perichondrium

A

outer fibrous layer( containing type I collagen, fibroblasts, and blood vessels)and – inner cellular layer (containing chondrogenic cells- source of new cartilage cells)

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14
Q

mature cartilage cells embedded in lacunae

A

chondrocytes

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15
Q

cartilage is made and maintained by

A

chondrocytes

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16
Q

chondrocytes may occur in groups of 2-8 cells because

A

when cells divide they stay in the same lacunae

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17
Q

this type of cartilage is less prone to degeneration than hyaline cartilage

A

elastic cartilage

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18
Q

Elastic cartilage matrix

A

contains a network of elastic fibers– gives a yellowish color to elastic cartilage

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19
Q

type of collagen with no perichondrium

A

fibrocartilage

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20
Q

elastic cartilage is located

A

where flexible support is required (external ear, Eustachian tube, and epiglottis, larynx)

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21
Q

fibrocartilage has properties between

A

connective tissue and hyaline cartilage

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22
Q

Where is fibrocartilage found?

A

fibrocartilage is found where support and tensile strength are needed in conjunction with hyaline cartilage, other fibrous tissues, or both

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23
Q

In fibrocartilage, chondrocytes may align along

A

lines of stress

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24
Q

fibrocartilage has alternating rows of___________ and thick bundles of ____________

A

fibroblast derived chondrocytes and type I collagen

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25
Q

main component of adult skeleton

A

BONE

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26
Q

dynamic tissue-constantly undergoes shape change, absorption and resorption in response to biomechanics forces

A

BONE!

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27
Q

specialized CT-calcified EM with osteocytes embedded in the matrix

A

Bone

28
Q

Bone matrix consists primarily of

A

hydroxyapatite crystals

29
Q

organic portion of bone is primarily made of

A

type I collagen

30
Q

ground substance of bone contains

A

chondroitin sulfate and keratan sulfate

31
Q

______ are 50% of the dry weight of bone

A

minerals

32
Q

inorganic (Calcified) portion of bone is made up of

A

calcium, phosphate, bicarbonate, citrate, magnesium, potassium, and sodium

33
Q

first bone formed in fetal development

A

primary bone

34
Q

primary bone has a ________ mineral content than secondary bone

A

lower

35
Q

2 types of secondary bone

A

compact bone and spongy bone

36
Q

dense, outer portion of bone

A

compact bone

37
Q

meshwork of trabecular in bone interior

A

spongy bone

38
Q

compact bone is organized with

A

outer circumferential lamellae below the periosteum and inner circumferential lamellae adjacent to the marrow cavity

39
Q

other than compact bone, rest of bone is organized around

A

haversian canal systems (osteons)

40
Q

Osteons are connected to each other by

A

Volkmann’s canals

41
Q

bone periosteum distributes

A

blood vessels to bone

42
Q

layer of non calcified CT covering bone on external surfaces, except at synovial articulations

A

Bone periosteum

43
Q

Sharpey’s fibers

A

(type I collagen) - attach periosteum to the bone

44
Q

thin specialized CT which lines marrow cavities

A

endosteum

45
Q

Endosteum is the source of _________________ and ________ for bone growth and repair

A

Endosteum is the source of osteoprogenitor cells and osteoblasts for bone growth and repair

46
Q

osteoprogenitor cells can differentiate into

A

osteoblasts

47
Q

flatttened/spindled shaped . inner layer of periosteum and endosteal cells that line marrow cavity

A

osteoprogenitor cells

48
Q

osteoblasts regulate

A

mineralization of bone

49
Q

this cuboidal/polygonal bone cell secretes collagen, ground substance and osteoid

A

osteoblast

50
Q

osteocytes maintain

A

bone matrix

51
Q

osteocytes reside in

A

lacuna

52
Q

to a limited extent osteocytes are capable of

A

synthesizing and resorbing matric

53
Q

osteocytes communicate with other osteocytes and osteoblasts via

A

processes that extend through canaliculi and gap junctions with other cells

54
Q

osteoclast

A

multinucleate cell - acidophilic. macrophage lineage- phagocytic. Actively resorb bone

55
Q

osteocLasts release

A

lysosomes into extracellular space

56
Q

Howship’s lacuna

A

depression in bone created by osteoclast. cell seals off area, acidifies and secretes acid hydrolyses to resorb bone.

57
Q

decrease in bone mass associated with a normal ratio of mineral to matrix. Due to decreased bone formation, increased bone resorbtion or both

A

Osteoporosis

58
Q

osteoporosis occurs primarily in old age because of diminished secretion of

A

growth hormone

59
Q

osteomalacia is due to _______ ________ in adults

A

calcium deficiency

60
Q

osteomalacia in children

A

Rickets. Primarily due to vitamin D deficiency but calcium deficiency can be a contributing factor

61
Q

Osteomalacia is characterized by ________ ___________ of newly formed bone and _________ of calcified bone

A

deficient calcification

decalcification

62
Q

Acromegaly

A

excess pituitary growth hormone in adults

63
Q

Acromegaly is characterized by _____________ in extremities and in parts of facial skeleton

A

very thick bones

64
Q

osteomalacia is usually accompanied by deformation of bone spicules in epiphyseal plates which causes

A

bones to grow more slowly and allows bone deformation

65
Q

Sharpeys fibers attach

A

Periosteum to bone

66
Q

Fibrocartilage easily confused with

A

Dense regular connective tissue

Histology Exam 2 TonyFrim (6 decks)

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