Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

From Flashcardlet > Cartilage and Bone Connective Tissue > Flashcards

Cartilage and Bone Connective Tissue Flashcards

This flashcard deck was created using Flashcardlet's card creator

0
Q

Does the skeletal system consist of living or dead tissue?

A

Living

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

The skeletal is is an _______ system.

A

Organ

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the components of the skeletal system?

A

Bones, cartilage, ligaments and other supportive connective tissue.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Bones serve as a major storage source of __________ and __________.

A

Calcium and phosphate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is cartilage?

A

Semi-rigid connective tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Cartilage is _________ flexible and resilient than bone.

A

More

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are chondroblasts?

A

Immature cells that begin to produce Extracellular Matrix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are chondrocytes?

A

Mature cells in cartilage that repair the EM over time.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is lucunae?

A

A small space or cavity surrounding a bone or cartilage cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Mature cartilage is _________.

A

Avascular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the three major functions of cartilage?

A
  1. Support of soft tissue
  2. Articulations
  3. The “rough draft” of bones in the embryo
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What process forms the long bones of the limbs?

A

Endochondral Ossification

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the three types of cartilage?

A
  1. Hyaline
  2. Fibrocartilage
  3. Elastic
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Where can you find hyaline cartilage?

A

Covering the ends of bones, joints.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Where can you find fibrocartilage? What is it’s function?

A

Between the vertabre, knees. For shock absorption.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Where can you find elastic cartilage?

A

Ears, epiglottis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Which is harder to break, bone or cartilage?

A

Cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the mature resident cells in cartilage? What is the name of the resident cell during development? What is it’s job during development?

A

Chondrocytes. Chondroblasts. Making EM.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are chondrocytes surrounded by?

A

Lucunae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the most abundant type of cartilage?

A

Hyaline cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the dense connective tissue surrounding hyaline cartilage?

A

Perichondrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

The Extracellular matrix of hyaline cartilage is ___________ with _____ visible protein fibers.

A

Translucent; no

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What type of cartilage is found in the pubic symphisis?

A

Fibrocartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Fibrocartilage has ________ collagen fibers in it’s EM.

A

Thick

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Is fibrocartilage surrounded by perichondrium?

A

No

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Highly branched elastic fibers are found in what type of cartilage?

A

Elastic cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Is elastic cartilage surrounded by perichondrium?

A

Yes

27
Q

Which of the three types of cartilage are not surrounded by perichondrium?

A

Fibrocartilage

28
Q

What are the two ways that cartilage can grow?

A

Interstitial growth and appositional growth.

29
Q

What is interstitial growth?

A

Growth from within the cartilage itself - only embryonic

30
Q

What is appositional growth?

A

Growth along the cartilage’s outside edge or periphery.

31
Q

Describe the process of appositional growth?

A
  1. Stem cells along an internal edge of the perichondrium begin to divide into chondroblasts.
  2. The chondroblasts begin to produce EM and differentiate into chondrocytes
32
Q

What is the primary tissue type in bone?

A

Connective tissue

33
Q

What is the resident cell of bones?

A

Osteocytes

34
Q

The Extracellular Matrix is sturdy and rigid due to deposition of minerals into the matrix. This process is called _______.

A

Calcification

35
Q

What are the four functions of bones?

A
  1. Support and protection
  2. Movement
  3. Hemopoiesis
  4. Storage of mineral and energy reserves
36
Q

Name the four classifications of bones by shape.

A
  1. Long bones
  2. Short bones
  3. Flat bones
  4. Irregular bones
37
Q

What are the three parts of a long bone?

A
  1. Diaphysis
  2. Epiphysis
  3. Metaphysis
38
Q

What is the epiphyseal plate? Where is it located? What is it made of?

A

Where long bones get longer; in the metaphysis; hyaline cartilage

39
Q

What specific cartilage covers the epiphysis of long bones?

A

Articular cartilage

40
Q

What is the medullary cavity?

A

The hollow space within the diaphysis containing yellow bone marrow.

41
Q

What is the endosteum?

A

The lining of the interior surface of the medullary cavity.

42
Q

What is the periosteum?

A

Perforating collagen fibers that cover the diaphysis of a bone.

43
Q

What are the two layers of the periosteum called?

A

Fibrous layer, cellular layer

44
Q

What is the function of the periosteum?

A

To anchor blood vessels and nerves to the bone.

45
Q

What are the four types of cells found in bone?

A
  1. Osteoprogenators
  2. Osteoblasts
  3. Osteocytes
  4. Osteoclasts
46
Q

Which of the four cell types of bone is know as the “bone breaker”?

A

Osteoclasts

47
Q

Which cell type of bone is known as “bone builders”?

A

Osteoblasts

48
Q

Which of the cell types of bone has lucunae?

A

Osteocytes

49
Q

Most bones are comprised of two types of bone, what are they?

A

Compact bone and spongy bone

50
Q

What type of bone makes up the epiphyseal line?

A

Compact bone

51
Q

What is the lattice-work in spongy bone called?

A

Trabeculae

52
Q

What is the basic structural and functional unit of mature compact bone?

A

Osteon

53
Q

What are the four components of an osteon?

A
  1. Central canal
  2. Concentric lamellae
  3. Osteocytes
  4. Canaliculi
54
Q

What are some other features of the Haversion system outside the osteon?

A
  1. Perforating canals - run perpendicular to the central canals. Also contain blood vessels and nerves.
  2. External circumferential lamellae - rings of bone just internal to the periosteum
  3. Interstitial lamellae - partial osteons
55
Q

What does spongy bone contain instead of concentric lamellae?

A

Parallel lamellae

56
Q

What is ossification?

A

The making of bones.

57
Q

What are the two patterns of origninal embryonic ossification?

A

Intramembranous ossification

Endochondral ossification

58
Q

Describe intramembranous ossification?

A

Develops from mesenchyme to produce the flat bones of the skull, some facial bones,the mandible and the central portion of the clavicle.

59
Q

The majority of bones in the body are produced by which type of ossification?

A

Endochondral

60
Q

Describe the five stages of endochondral ossification?

A
  1. Fetal hyaline cartilage model develops.
  2. Bone first replaces hyaline cartilage in the diaphysis.
  3. Then bone replaces hyaline cartilage in the epiphysis.
  4. Eventually, bone replaces cartilage everywhere except the articular cartilage and the epiphyseal plates.
  5. Epiphyseal plates ossify and form epiphyseal lines.
61
Q

What are the two types of post embryonic growth of bone?

A

Interstitial and appositional

62
Q

What is the difference between interstitial and appositional bone growth?

A

Interstitial is growth in bone length; appositional is growth in bone diameter.

63
Q

What are the five distinct zones of the epiphyseal plate structure?

A
  1. Resting
  2. Proliferation
  3. Hypertrophic
  4. Calcified
  5. Ossification
64
Q

Epiphyseal plates appear __________ than bone in x-rays.

A

Lighter

65
Q

What effects do exercise and age have on bone density?

A

Exercise increases bone density; age decreases it.

66
Q

What are two specific changes that occur to bone during osteoporosis?

A

Bone loses it’s ability to produce organic matrix (mainly collagen) and loses calcium and other bone salts.

From Flashcardlet (118 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions