Cartilage Block 1

Question 1

what supports soft tissues and body weight?

Answer 1

cartilage and bone

Question 2

what are the supportive connective tissue

Answer 2

cartilage and bone

Question 3

what is the cartilage matrix made up of

Answer 3

proteoglycans
ground substance
chondrocytes

Question 4

chondrocytes are surrounded by?

Answer 4

lacunae

Question 5

what is a gel-type ground substance and is good for shock absorption and protection

Answer 5

cartilage

Question 6

chondrocytes produce what

Answer 6

antiangiogensis factor

Question 7

that is the outer fibrous layer of cartilage and is good for strength

Answer 7

perichondrium

Question 8

the inner cellular layer that is good for growth and maintenance in cartilage is the

Answer 8

perichondrium

Question 9

what is the skeletal connective tissue that is characterized by firmness and reiliency

Answer 9

cartilage

Question 10

most cartilage is enveloped by dense connective tissue layer called the perichondrim is good for?

Answer 10

blood supply

Question 11

chondrocytes are what shape

Answer 11

round, on lightmicroscope

Question 12

on an EM chondrocytes surface show what

Answer 12

projections and infoldings

Question 13

chondrocyte synthesize and secret what

Answer 13

type 2 collagen fibers

Question 14

where are condrocytes synthesized

Answer 14

RER

Question 15

chondrocyte produce most of their energy by what

Answer 15

anaerobic glycolosis ( NEEDS NO O2 TO MAKE ENERGY)

Question 16

the ground substance of cartilage have what

Answer 16

GAG
proteoglycans
proteoglycan aggregates
glycoproteins
tissue fluid

Question 17

what doe stye firmness of the hyaline cartilage result from

Answer 17

the extensive cross linking among its components

Question 18

what is the potential space occupied by each chondrocyte

Answer 18

the lacuna

Question 19

when is the lacuna visible

Answer 19

only after cell death or after shrinkage during tissue processing

Question 20

what is the matrix that immediately surrounds the chondrocyte

Answer 20

territorial matrix (capsular)

Question 21

all cartilage derives from where

Answer 21

embryonic mesenchyme

Question 22

what happens to mesenchyme cells in development

Answer 22

they retract their cytoplasmic extensions and assume a ROUND shape and they become more tightly packed forming MENECHYMAL CONDENSATION

Question 23

what forms first chondrocyte or chondroblast?

Answer 23

chondroblast

Question 24

what are the two process that cartilage grows by?

Answer 24

mitosis and deposition of additional matrix

Question 25

what is matrix synthesis enhanced by

Answer 25

the growth hormone THYROXINE and testosterone

Question 26

what is thyroxine and testosterone inhibited by

Answer 26

estradiol and cortisol

Question 27

after the age 30 males loose how much testosterone

Answer 27

loose 3% testosterone

Question 28

what is known as the growth hormone

Answer 28

thyroxine

Question 29

what does interstitial growth involve?

Answer 29

the division of existing chondrocytes and it gives rise to ingenious groups

Question 30

what is a side affect of using cortisone

Answer 30

cartilage and tendons

Question 31

what does appositional growth involve

Answer 31

the differentiation into chondrocytes by chondroblasts and stem cells on the perichondrum's inner surface

Question 32

why do we do cartilage transplants from cadavers?

Answer 32

because cartilage is extremely hard to repair

Question 33

what does repair of the cartilage involve?

Answer 33

invasion of the breach of by mesnechymal stem cells from the perichondrium

Question 34

if the gap is really large in cartilage then what

Answer 34

a dense connective tissue scar may form

Question 35

what makes hyaline cartilage an ideal fetal skeletal tissue

Answer 35

because of its ability to grow rapidly while maintaing its ridgitiy

Question 36

what are some examples go hyaline cartilage

Answer 36

costal cartilages, laryngeal cartilages, cartilaginous rings that support the trachea and irregular cartilage plates in the walls of the bronchi

Question 37

which cartilage is yellowish and when fresh is more flexible then hyaline cartilage

Answer 37

elastic cartilage

Question 38

what is the composition of elastic cartilage

Answer 38

it resembles hyaline but contains a dense network of branching elastic fibers

Question 39

where does elastic cartilage develop from

Answer 39

a primitive connective tissue that contain wavy fibril in bundles

Question 40

what secrets elastin

Answer 40

fibroblast

Question 41

what is transformed into elastic fibers

Answer 41

elastin and fibrilin bundles

Question 42

which cartilage provides flexible support

Answer 42

elastic cartilage

Question 43

where is elastic cartilage found

Answer 43

external ear epiglottis larynx

Question 44

what cartilage is intermediate in character between hyaline cartilage and dense CT

Answer 44

fibrocartilage

Question 45

which cartilage is characterized by abundant type 1 collage fibers

Answer 45

fibrocartilage

Question 46

what do we not understand about fibrocartilage

Answer 46

its growth

Question 47

where does fibrocartialge develop

Answer 47

where there is strong mechanical stress

Question 48

fibro cartilage is always associate with what

Answer 48

dense connective tissue

Question 49

the border between fibrocartilage and dense CT

Answer 49

is indistinguishable

Question 50

what allows fibrocartilage to resist deformation under a lot of stress

Answer 50

its combination of cartilaginous ground substance and dense collagen fiber

Question 51

where do you find fibroblast

Answer 51

in the perichondrium

Question 52

where can fibrous cartilage be found in humans

Answer 52

annulus fibrosus intervertible disk symphysis pubis some bone ligaments

Question 53

where do chondrocytes undergo division

Answer 53

in the lacuna

Question 54

in appositional growth what happens to the matrix

Answer 54

it triples in size

Question 55

what produces matrix in appositional growth

Answer 55

the chondrocytes

Question 56

three types of cartilage

Answer 56

hyaline elastic fibrous

Question 57

what cartilage has translucent matrix and no prominent fibers

Answer 57

hyaline cartilage

Question 58

what cartilage reduces friction on joints

Answer 58

hyaline cartilage

Question 59

you can see lacuna in what process

Answer 59

the goring process

Question 60

Herniated disks happens due to

Answer 60

fibrocartilage breaking under pressure

Question 61

what limits movement

Answer 61

fibrocartilage

Question 62

what pads knee joints

Answer 62

fibrocartilage

Question 63

what is found between pubic bones and intervertebral disc

Answer 63

fibrocartilage

Question 64

what prevents bone to bone contact

Answer 64

fibrocartilage