case 3 definition

Question 1

hematochezia

Answer 1

passage of fresh blood through the anus; usually in or with stools

Question 2

anion gap/usage

Answer 2

to id the cause of metabolic acidosis

Question 3

anion gap/nl value

Answer 3

[3–11] mEq/L

hiny: womb to tent; gap= rich cloth, was w silver spoon in the womb=> throw in the street live in a tent

Question 4

anion gap /

other names/

how to calculate?

Answer 4

Anion gap =AG or AGAP

AG= ([Na+] + [K+]) - ([Cl^-] + [HCO3^-]) in

serum; plasma; or urine

hint: anion=>+=> +-(-) =+

Question 5

anion gap acidosis/

how do you ID that w the AG?

etiology?

Answer 5

AG> 11 => ++H+=> high AG Acidosis =>

possible causes=

endo: ketoacidosis;

Msk:lactic acidosis;

GU: renal failture;

rx: toxin etc

Question 6

third space

also named?

definition

Answer 6

3rd compartment= 3rd ExtraCellular compartment= TransCellular space

where fluid does not nly collect in larger # or where any significant fluid collection is physiologically nonfunctional.

Ex of TransCellular spaces

= eye;

edema= 3rd spacing ;

peritoneal =>peritonitis

pleural cavities=>pleural effusion. .

Question 7

why is 3rd spacing bad?

Answer 7

takes fluid away from the normal fluid compartments (inside BV or cells!!!) => the patient to have hypovolemia.

Question 8

what is third spacing of fluid in the bowel?

what does it cause?

Answer 8

ck: abnl # of fluid in the bowel => diarrhea

Question 9

nasoGastric suction/

other names/

fxn

Answer 9

Gastric suction= “stomach pumping;”=gastric lavage

empties the contents of stomach quickly during an emergency. .

Question 10

ischemia and acidosis/

mechanisms

Answer 10

ischemia=dec Blood supply=> dec O₂=>anaerobic conditions =>lactate= lactate acidosis

Question 11

*coloStomy creation

Answer 11

an opening (stoma) is formed by drawing the healthy end of the large intestine=colon through an incision in the anterior abdominal wall and suturing it into place.

Question 12

bowel infarction and Marked leukocytosis;

Answer 12

infarction=> necrosis=> necrotic cell content in the blood=> migration of leukocyte(=leukocytosis)

Question 13

haematochezia vs RectoRrhagia

Answer 13

rectorrhagia =rectal bleeding not ass.w defaecation but w expulsion of fresh bright red blood W/O stools

Question 14

nl Sodium

Answer 14

135-145 mEq/L or mmol/L

13+35= cut cou w doigt+mule

14+45=touch and chge in gold+roll (sweet)

Question 15

nl Chloride

Answer 15

95-105 mEq/L or mmol/L

chlore= > piscine=> throw huge pink bell at the seal w head the singer seal bec does not want to come out

hint:95= bell

10+05= throw?? at+ seal

Question 16

nl Potassium

Answer 16

3.5-5.0 mEq/L o mmol/L

potassium= potach, petasse

3.5= womb attached to seal; the link is now flattened out

5 seal= seal win

Question 17

nl Bicarbonate

Answer 17

22-28 mEq/L or mmol/L

bi carb= 2x # of carbs=>have to cut it in 1/2, using either

neon or

knife

Question 18

nl Magnesium

Answer 18

1.5-2.0 mEq/L or mmol/L

magnitude= a lot= what is the worse?

1= weed linked to seal= collier of weed on seal neck

wine

Question 19

leukocytosis/ definition

Answer 19

WBC> nl

white blood cell= leukocyte count >normal

Question 20

*Leukemoid reaction + left shift/

definition

Answer 20

Acute inflammatory response to infection.

Incr. WBC count w incr NØ and NØ precursors such as band cells (left shift) ;