case 6 anatomy

Question 1

At which vertebral level is left kidney found

Answer 1

T11-L2

Question 2

At which vertebral level is left kidney found

Answer 2

T12-L3

Question 3

Lumbar (aortic) lymph nodes drain into

Answer 3

Lumbar trunks to cysterna chyli

Question 4

What are kidneys covered by?

Answer 4

Connective tissue capsule, peri renal fat, renal fascia, pararenal fat

Question 5

Which structures enter/leave at the hilum of kidneys

Answer 5

Ureter, lymph vessels, symp fibres, veins and arteries

Question 6

Afferent info form ureters are transmitted by symp fibres at levels

Answer 6

T11 to L2

Question 7

Where is ureteric pain referred to?

Answer 7

Ipsilateral lower quadrant of abdominal wall and groin

Question 8

Where does left gonadal vein drain into

Answer 8

Left renal vein

Question 9

Where does right gonadal vein drain into

Answer 9

IVC

Question 10

Blood supply to ureter

Answer 10

Renal, aorta, gonadal, vesicular, common and internal iliac arteries

Question 11

Ureter has 3 layers

Answer 11

Mucosa, muscularis, connective tissue

Question 12

Mucosal epithelium of ureter

Answer 12

Transitional

Question 13

The epithelial layer of ureter is arranged in folds. Why?

Answer 13

So urine CNS pass through without tearing it

Question 14

How is transitional epithelium arranged?

Answer 14

Made of stratified squamous and stratified cuboidal cells

Question 15

What property does transitional epithelium offer

Answer 15

To allow stretching

Question 16

Muscularis layer of ureter

Answer 16

Inner longitudinal, outer circular, lower 1/3 has extra outer longitudinal layer

Question 17

What does muscularis layer allow ureter to do?

Answer 17

Peristalsis of urine

Question 18

At the hilum of kidney

Answer 18

renal vein is anterior to renal artery, which is anterior to renal pelvis

Question 19

At which vertebral level do renal arteries arise

Answer 19

Between L1 and L2

Question 20

Which 2 vessels drain into left renal vein

Answer 20

Left suprarenal vein and left gonadal

Question 21

Renal arteries divide into _____ at renal hilum

Answer 21

5 segmental arteries

Question 22

List the series of vessels in the kidneys from renal arteries to renal veins

Answer 22

Renal artery to segmental arteries to interlobar arteries to arcuate arteries to inter lobular arteries to afferent arterioles to glomerulus to efferent arterioles peri tubular network to renal veins

Question 23

Sympathetic preganglionic fibres are transmitted in

Answer 23

Least splanchnic nerves from T12

Question 24

Sympathetic postganglionic fibres arise mainly from

Answer 24

Coeliac and aorticorenal ganglia

Question 25

Sympathietic fibre Action on kidneys

Answer 25

Vasoconstriction, reduce renal blood flow

Question 26

Parasymp function on kidneys

Answer 26

By vagus nerve, function - unknown

Question 27

Afferent info form kidneys enter spinal cord at levels T12 and L1. Which area is supplied by these dermatomes

Answer 27

Flank region

Question 28

In intravenous urograms which structures are highlighted by contrast media?

Answer 28

Kidney stones, urine infections, blood in urine, obstruction/ damage to urinary tract

Question 29

What is the shape of right suprarenal gland

Answer 29

Pyramidal

Question 30

What is the shape of left suprarenal gland

Answer 30

Semi-lunar

Question 31

Blood supply to suprarenal glands

Answer 31

inferior phrenic - superior suprarenal artery, aorta - middle suprarenal artery, Renal artery - inferior suprarenal artery

Question 32

Venous drainage of suprarenal glands

Answer 32

right suprarenal vein - IVC, Left suprarenal vein and inferior phrenic vein - left renal

Question 33

Function of suprarenal cortex

Answer 33

Secrete corticosteroids

Question 34

Function of suprarenal medulla

Answer 34

Secrete adrenaline and noradrenaline

Question 35

Epithelium of proximal and distal convoluted tubules

Answer 35

Simple cuboidal

Question 36

Glomerular filtration barrier is formed by

Answer 36

Capillary endothelium - lamina fenestra, basement membrane, visceral layer of bowman 's capsule - podocytes