case 8 anatomy

Question 1

paravesical fossae

Answer 1

3 look at Beths notes for pic

Question 2

pararectal fossae

Answer 2

7 look at Beths notes for pic

Question 3

where do ureters cross pelvic brim?

Answer 3

anterior to bifurcation of common iliac artery

Question 4

3 constrictions of ureters, which are potential sites for renal calculi formation

Answer 4

Pelviureteric junction, Pelvic brim = Where it crosses the external iliac artery, Just before it terminates in the bladder = Vesicoureteric junction

Question 5

how high might a full bladder rise?

Answer 5

to the level of umbilicus

Question 6

4 parts of bladder

Answer 6

apex, fundus, body and neck

Question 7

walls of the bladder are composed mainly by which muscle

Answer 7

Detrusor muscle

Question 8

during ejaculation which sphincter contracts to prevent retrograde ejaculation of semen into bladder

Answer 8

internal urethral sphincter

Question 9

epithelium of bladder

Answer 9

transitional epithelium with mucosal folds - allows bladder to stretch

Question 10

area of smooth mucosa in the bladder

Answer 10

trigone

Question 11

which structures mark the angles of the trigone?

Answer 11

the 2 ureteric orifices and the internal urethral orifice

Question 12

The ureters travel inferomedially through the wall of the bladder in an oblique plane. why?

Answer 12

This oblique plane forms a one-way flap valve. The internal pressure of the filling bladder causes the internal passage to collapse.

Question 13

arterial supply of bladder

Answer 13

branches of internal iliac arteries, superior vesical arteries - anterosuperior parts. In males, the inferior vesical arteries - fundus and neck. In females, the vaginal arteries replace the inferior vesical arteries and send small branches to posteroinferior parts of the bladder.

Question 14

venous drainage of bladder

Answer 14

vesical venous plexus to inferior vesical veins to internal iliac hypogastric veins

Question 15

parasympathetic innervation to bladder

Answer 15

pelvic nerve S2-S4 - contracts detrusor and stimulates micturition

Question 16

sympathetic innervation to bladder

Answer 16

hypogastric nerve T12-L2 - relaxes detrusor muscle, promote urine retention

Question 17

what does pudendal nerve innervation do to the bladder?

Answer 17

S2-S4 voluntary control over micturition because it can constrict or relax detrusor

Question 18

lymphatic drainage of bladder

Answer 18

Lymph from the bladder drains into the external and internal iliac lymph nodes

Question 19

4 parts of male urethra

Answer 19

preprostatic, prostatic, membranous or intermediate, spongy

Question 20

where is the male external urethral sphicter

Answer 20

in glans penis

Question 21

how long is female urethra

Answer 21

5 cm

Question 22

how long is male urethra

Answer 22

15-20 cm

Question 23

blood supply to female urethra

Answer 23

urethral artery and vaginal artery

Question 24

blood supply to male urethra

Answer 24

Prostatic branches of the inferior vesical and middle rectal arteries

Question 25

innervation of urethra

Answer 25

pudendal nerve and pelvic splanchnic nerves

Question 26

lymph drainage of urethra

Answer 26

internal iliac nodes to cisterna chyli to thoracic duct

Question 27

prostate parts

Answer 27

base, apex, anterior and posterior surfaces, inferolateral surfaces x2

Question 28

blood supply of prostate

Answer 28

prostatic arteries from internal iliac artery. prostatic venous plexus drains into the internal iliac veins

Question 29

lymphatic drainage of prostate

Answer 29

obturator and internal iliac lymph nodes.

Question 30

innervation of prostate

Answer 30

Autonomic innervation arises from pelvic plexuses from S2-S4, and symp fibres from L1-2.