Case 8 pbl Flashcards
last oneeee (33 cards)
What are the 3 steps for the body to deal with a small wound
Vascular spasm - 30 mins to an hour
Formation of the platelet plug
Coagulation
What is vascular spasm
Occurs when a vessel wall is damaged, the smooth muscle contracts dramatically
What is vascular spasm triggered by
Endothelins which are released by the vessel lining cells and by pain receptors in response to vessel injury
Tell me about the formation of the platelet plug
platelets which normally float free in the plasma encounter the area of the vessel rupture with the exposed connective tissue and collagenous fibres. Platelets begin to clump together and bind. The Von Willebrand factor helps to stabilise the growing platelet plug.
What is von Willebrand factor
a glycoprotein that helps to stabilise a clot
In the formation of a platelet plug what chemicals do they release
ADP
Serotonin
Prostaglandin and phospholipids
What does ADP do
helps platelets to adhere to the injury site reinforcing and expanding the platelet plug
What does serotonin do
maintains vasoconstriction
What do prostaglandins and phospholipids do
maintain vasoconstriction and help to activate further clotting
What is the formation of a platelet plug also known as
temporary plug for a small opening in a blood vessel
What is the extrinsic pathway
trauma to cells
Upon damage to surrounding tissues the damaged cells release Factor 3 (tissue factor), Ca2+ and VII. This then activates the common pathway
What could stimulate the intrinsic clotting cascade
internal factors such as arterial disease
What is the common pathway
draw it and finally fibrin formed and factor XIIIa stabilises it
What is serum
blood plasma without its clotting factors
What is fibrinolysis
gradual degradation of the clot
What is converted into plasmin to breakdown fibrin
plasminogen
What does bradykinin do
vasodilator that reverses the effects of serotonin and prostaglandins from the platelets and allows the smooth muscles of the walls to restore circulation
What do basophils release which opposes prothrombin
heparin
What is haemophilia
group of genetic disorders and 80% of cases can not synthesis sufficient quantities of factor VIII
What is deep vein thrombosis
Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a blood clot that develops within a deep vein in the body, usually in the leg. Blood clots that develop in a vein are also known as venous thrombosis. DVT usually occurs in a deep leg vein, a larger vein that runs through the muscles of the calf and the thigh.
What is PE
Pulmonary embolism and is a blood clot in the lungs
What are varicose veins
faulty valves in the legs which can lead to swollen veins
What is the D Dimer test
blood test that can be used to help rule out the presence of a serious blood clot. D dminer is a fibrin degradation product
What can a negative D Dimer test rule out
thrombosis
