Case associated microbes

Question 1

Pneumocystis jyrovecci- how is it classified and treated?

Answer 1

Yeast like fungus

Co-trimoxazole- blocks folic acid synthesis

Question 2

Candida albicans- how is it classified and treated?

Answer 2

Yeast like fungus- causative agent of oral thrush

Fluconazole- inhibits fungal cytp450

Question 3

Mycobacterium tuberculosis- how is it classified and treated?

Answer 3

Gram positive rod shaped bacillus

Rifampicin and isoniazid- inhibts bacterial DNA/RNA polymerases

Question 4

Pseudomonas aeruginosa- how is it classified and treated?

Answer 4

Gram negative rods

Aminoglycosides eg. Gentamicin- protein synthesis inhibitors

Question 5

Staphylococcus aureus- how is it classified and treated?

Answer 5

Gram positive cocci

Penicillin and fluxcloxacillin- target bacterial cell wall

Question 6

MRSA- how is it classified and treated?

Answer 6

Gram positive cocci
Both penicillin and cephalosporins
Vancomycin

Question 7

Infectivity is…

Answer 7

an organisms ability to infect a host

Question 8

Pathogenicity is….

Answer 8

ability of an organism to cause disease to the host

Question 9

Virulence is….

Answer 9

The degree of pathology caused by the organism

Question 10

The cell wall of gram positive bacteria contain….

Answer 10

Thick peptidoglycan layer containing teichoic acids

Question 11

What is therapeutic drug monitoring?

Answer 11

Specific measurements of drug concentration in the blood

Question 12

What is time dependent dosing?

Answer 12

Dose frequency increased in response to increase in infection severity

Question 13

What is dose dependent dosing?

Answer 13

Concentration of drug increased in response to infection severity

Question 14

What are biofilms?

Answer 14

Complex communities of micro-organisms embedded in their own ECM

Question 15

What is quorum sensing?

Answer 15

Bacterias response to cell population density via the regulation of certain genes

Question 16

What characteristics of a biofilm provide a favourable environment for AB resistance? (4 characteristics)

Answer 16

ECM- moderate [ABx] therefore a good selection pressure
Dormant cells hard to kill using ABx
Resistant to immune response due to size
Cross species gene transfer

Question 17

What is an acid fast bacilli test? What is it used to diagnose?

Answer 17

Test used to diagnose active TB

Sputum samples cultured, stained, washed with acid. TB holds on to stain even after acid washing