Case Studies Flashcards
(22 cards)
Chile Earthquake Stats of Chile
-27th Feb 2010
-3:34 am
-8.8 Richter Scale
-Destructive plate margin
-GDP per capita:
-Destructive Plate Margin
-Nazca Plate subducts under South American Plate
Chile Earthquake Primary Effects
-Around 500 people died, and 12,000 people were injured.
-Two hundred twenty thousand homes were destroyed, along with 4500 schools, 56 hospitals and 53 ports
-The earthquake disrupted power, water supplies and communications across Chile
Chile Earthquake Secondary Effects
-Tsunami waves devastated several coastal towns
-A fire at a Santiago chemical plant led to the local area being evacuated
-Landslides destroyed up to 1500 km of roads, cutting off remote communities for days
Chile Earthquake Immediate Response
-International support provided field hospitals, satellite phones and floating bridges
-Within 24 hours, the north-south highway was temporarily repaired, allowing aid to be transported from Santiago to areas affected by the earthquake
-US$60 million was raised for emergency shelters
Chile Earthquake Long-Term Responses
-Chile’s government launched a housing reconstruction plan just one month after the earthquake to help nearly affected 200,000 families
-The recovery took over four years
-Build Back Better
-Chile’s strong economy meant need for foreign aid was reduced
Nepal Earthquake Stats of Nepal
-Kathmandu, Nepal
-25th April 2015
-11:26 am
-GDP per capita: US $690
-Destructive plate margin
-7.9 magnitude
-Indo-Asutralian Plate subducted under Eurasian Plate
Nepal Earthquake Primary Effects
-Around 9000 died and more than 22000 were injured
-4 million left homeless
-Water tanks and pipes destroyed, leaving 2 million without access to clean water and sanitation
Nepal Earthquake Secondary Effects
-Earthquake triggered avalanches on Mount Everest killing 18 people
-Many mountain roads blocked by landslides preventing emergency aid reaching remote areas
-Lack of clean water caused outbreaks of typhus which killed atleats 13 people
Nepal Earthquake Immediate Responses
-India and China sent teams to help residents rescue people trapped by debris but a lack of tool and machinery slowed down rescue efforts
-Charities such as Oxfam provided medicine, food and temporary water supplies
-The Red Cross set up emergency shelters for 130,000 families who had lost homes
Nepal Earthquake Long-Term Responses
-World Bank Group financed $500 mil worth of projects
-Road from Nepal to Tibet reopened 2 years after but many other routes remain damaged
-Many heritage sites were reopened in June 2015 to encourage tourists back
Typhoon Haiyan Stats
-Philippines
-8th Nov 2013
-Tacloban and Cebu worst affected (280mm rain and winds of 314kph)
-Storm surge waves up to 2.3m and a high tide meant Tacloban was hit with 5m tall waves
Typhoon Haiyan Primary Effects
-8000 people killed
-1mil homes severly damaged/destroyed
-1.9mil made homeless
-Damaged electricity lines
-Water supplies contaminated
-Flooded 600,000 hectares of farmland
-Cost of $13mil
Typhoon Haiyan Secondary Effects
-Flooding triggered several landscapes, blocking roads and delaying arrival of aid
-5.6mil workers lost jobs after businesses and agricultural land were destroyed
-Lack of clean water caused outbreak of diseases
Typhoon Haiyan Immediate Responses
-Evacuation of 800,000 people before the storm hit land
-Philippines declared state of emergency leading to charities offering aid
-Plan International constructed pit latrines for 100,000 people to help prevent spread of disease
Typhoon Haiyan Long Term Responses
-UN appealed for over $300mil to help fund rebuilding and relief
-Charities built new storm-resistant houses for those who lost their homes
-Philippines’ tourism board encouraged people to visit emphasising most areas were unaffected
Somerset Levels Flooding Stats
-Dec 2013 to Feb 2014, Sommerset experienced 3 times the average rainfall
-Lots of rain fell on already saturated ground, coincided with high tides and storm surges, causing extensive flooding in Somerset Levels
Social Impacts of Somerset Levels Flooding
-More than 600 homes flooded, and many people forced to evacuate
-Villages such as Muchelney were cut off by road, only way in or out was by boat
-Major transport links such as A361 and train lines were closed/disrupted
-Insurance prices soared, and some residents were unable to insure homes against future flooding
Environmental Impacts of Somerset Levels Flooding
-11,500 hectares flooded, including farmland, destroying many crops
-Standing water made ground toxic andd unproductive for over a year
-Loss of nutrients and damage to soil structure decreased long-term fertility of the land
-Tonnes of mud and debris were left by the floods, damaging vegetation
Economic Impacts of Sommerset Flooding
-Total cost of damage was estimated over £80mil
-Local companies lost more than £1.2mil in business
-Loss of tourism cost the county £200mil
Management Startegies Before the Flood to Reduce Flooding of Somerset Levels
-Warning systems
-Individuals and local authorities used sandbags and floorboards to try limit flood damage
Management Startegies After the Flood to Reduce Flooding of Somerset Levels
-Turning temporary pumping stations into permanent ones
-Regular dredging of rivers Parrett and Tone
-Tidal Barrage at Bridgwater
-Widening River Sowy’s channel and King’s Sedgemoor Drain
