The Challenge of Natural Hazards: Paper 1 Section A: Natural Hazards

Question 1

Natural Hazard Definition

Answer 1

A Natural Hazard is a natural process which could cause death, injury or disruption to humans, or destroy property and possessions

Question 2

Natural Disaster Definition

Answer 2

A natural hazard that has actually happened

Question 3

Two Types of Natural Hazard

Answer 3

Geological Hazard
Meteorological Hazard

Question 4

Geological Hazards

Answer 4

Caused by land and tectonic processes

Volcanoes
Earthquakes

Question 5

Meteorological Hazards

Answer 5

Caused by weather and climate

Tropical Storms
Heatwaves
Cold Spells

Question 6

Hazard Risk Definition

Answer 6

The probability of people being affected by a hazard in a particular

Question 7

Factors that affect Hazard Risk

Answer 7

Vulnerability
Capacity To Cope
Nature of Natural Hazards

Question 8

Capacity To Cope Hazard Risk

Answer 8

The better a population can cope with an extreme event, the lower the risk of them being severly affected

Question 9

Vulnerability Hazard Risk

Answer 9

The more people that are in an area exposed to natural hazards, the greater the probability they will be affected by a natural hazard

Question 10

Nature of Natural Hazards Hazard Risk

Answer 10

1) Type- the risk from some hazards is greater than others
2) Frequency- natural hazards that occur more often may carry a higher risk
3) Magnitude- more severe natural hazards tend to have the greatest effects

Question 11

Primary Effects

Answer 11

• Buildings and roads destroyed
• People are injured or killed
• Crops and water supplies can be damaged or contaminated
• Electricity cables, gas pipes andcommunication networks can be damaged, cutting off supplies

Question 12

Secondary Effects

Answer 12

• Initial hazard can trigger other hazards
• Aid and emergency vehicles can’t get through causing more deaths
• Shortage of clean water and lack of sanitation makes it easier for disease to spread
• Food shortages
• Country’s economy weakened

Question 13

Long-Term Responses

Answer 13

• Repair homes or rehouse people
• Repair or rebuild buildings, roads, railways and bridges
• Reconnect broken electricity, water, gas and communication connections
• Improve forecasting, monitoring and evacuation plans
• Improve building regulations
• Boost economic recovery
• Build Back Better

Question 13

Immediate Responses

Answer 13

• Evacuate people
• Treat injured and rescue anyone cut off
• Recover dead bodies to prevent disease spreading
• Provide temporary supplies of electricity and gas
• Provide food, drink and shelter
• Foreign governments or charities may send aid workers, supplies or financial donations