Case Studies

Question 1

Name an area with a youthful population

Answer 1

Bristol, UK or Uganda, Africa

Question 2

Name an area with an ageing population

Answer 2

Cornwall, UK

Question 3

Name an area that is suffering from high emigration

Answer 3

Poland

Question 4

Name an area that is suffering from high immigration

Answer 4

Peterborough, UK

Question 5

Name impacts of migration on country of origin

Answer 5

Brain drain
Imbalance
Gender skew
Emancipation of women
Less economically active
Shortage of skilled workers

Question 6

Name impacts of migration on destination country

Answer 6

Increased work force
Shortage of jobs
Improved work ethic
Tax
Racism
Segregation
Overcrowding

Question 7

Name negative impacts of ageing populations

Answer 7

Increased health costs
Strain on NHS
Pensions
Welfare costs
Housing

Question 8

Name positive impacts of ageing populations

Answer 8

Grey pound
Grey vote
Welfare systems
Local transport improvements

Question 9

Name impacts of youthful populations

Answer 9

Demand on health services
Overcrowding in inner city
High rural to urban migration
Rise in informal employment 
Rise in unemployment
Early childbearing reduces female education and emancipation
Growth of squatter settlements

Question 10

What is Uganda’s fertility rate?

Answer 10

6.7

Question 11

What percentage of Uganda’s population are under 15?

Answer 11

50%

Question 12

Is Uganda’s dependency rate high or low?

Answer 12

High

Question 13

Name the two pessimistic models

Answer 13

Malthus and Club of Rome

Question 14

Name the two optimistic models

Answer 14

Boserup and Simon

Question 15

What did Malthus suggest?

Answer 15

Resources increase at an arithmetic rate, whilst population increases at an exponential rate
Carrying capacity is exceeded when crisis point is reached, resulting in overpopulation
Unchecked population growth would inevitably lead to famine
Positive checks (war, famine) and preventative checks (birth control, abstinence) could prevent crisis point

Question 16

What did Club of Rome suggest?

Answer 16

Inevitable collapse of civilisation unless economic growth halted
Predicted population of 7 billion by 2000
Wrote essay ‘Limits to Growth’

Question 17

What are the limitations of the pessimistic models?

Answer 17

Do not take human innovation into account
Do not consider human adaptability
Global carrying capacity increased due to human technology (alternative fuels, Green Revolution etc.)

Question 18

What did Boserup suggest?

Answer 18

Positive aspects to large population
Pressure from population increase upon agriculture stimulates invention
Changes in technology allow for improved crop strains and increased yields
Backed up by Green Revolution

Question 19

What did Simon suggest?

Answer 19

Supply of natural resources is infinite
Rising prices for limited resources force people to producing new technology for other resurces
Human brain power is the only scarcity

Question 20

What are the limitations of the optimistic models?

Answer 20

Only based on closed societies
Migration is not taken into consideration
Technology can be unsustainable and environmentally degrading

Question 21

Name the anti-natal case studies

Answer 21

One Child Policy, China

Kerala, South-West India

Question 22

Name the pro-natal case studies

Answer 22

France, EU

Laviano, Italy

Question 23

Name the transmigration case study

Answer 23

Indonesia (Java, Bali and Madura to Borneo and Sulawesi)

Question 24

Describe the One Child Policy strategy

Answer 24

Applied to Han Chinese
One child per family (multiple births were exempt)
5-10% salary rise for one child families
Fines, salary penalties and forced abortions/sterilisations for more children
Granny police encouraged contraception

Question 25

Describe the One Child Policy problems

Answer 25

``` Forced abortions 37 million female infanticides Gender skew (114 males to 100 females) Rise in sex work Ageing populations (Shanghai particularly) 4-2-1 issue Little Emperor Syndrome 400 million fewer people born ```

Question 26

Describe the One Child Policy changes since 1990

Answer 26

Sibling-less couple allowed 2 children | Shanghai exempt

Question 27

Describe Kerala's strategy

Answer 27

``` Improve education and adult literacy Emancipate women Encourage female careers Free contraception and sexual health services Land reform (8ha) ```

Question 28

Describe the impact on Kerala

Answer 28

``` Increased GDP Stage 4 of DTM High adult literacy Falling birth rate Steady sustainable population growth ```

Question 29

Describe France's problems

Answer 29

``` Falling birth rate (below replacement level) Stage 5 of DTM Falling economically active High dependency ratio High number of elderly dependents ```

Question 30

Describe France's strategy

Answer 30

Three years paid maternity leave Free nursery care Schooling from age 3 Earlier retirement for women

Question 31

Describe France's effectiveness

Answer 31

Fertility rate increased from 1.7 to 1.9 Reduced dependency ratio Increased economically active Sustainable population

Question 32

Describe Laviano's strategy

Answer 32

Mayor Rocco Falivena introduced cash for babies scheme | £7000 paid over 6 years of child's life

Question 33

Describe Indonesia's strategy

Answer 33

Move millions from overpopulated islandsJava, Bali and Madura to underpopulated islands Borneo and Sulawesi £7000 incentive per family

Question 34

Describe Indonesia's problems

Answer 34

10% of Borneo and Sulawesi is dense tropical rainforest Incentives caused national debt Racial tension increase

Question 35

What is the inner city case study?

Answer 35

Byker Ward, Newcastle

Question 36

What is the suburban case study?

Answer 36

Jesmond, Newcastle

Question 37

What is the rural/urban fringe case study?

Answer 37

Gosforth, Newcastle

Question 38

What is the rural area case study?

Answer 38

Wylam, Newcastle

Question 39

What is Byker Ward's history?

Answer 39

Orginally Victorian working-class area of densely built terraces By 1960s, area had fallen into socio-economic and environmental decline 1,200 dwellings unfit for human habitation 80% wanted to stay

Question 40

Describe Byker Ward's housing

Answer 40

Byker Wall Small windows at rear to reduce noise pollution Combination of low, medium and high storey housing Affordable Welfare housing

Question 41

Describe Byker Ward's services

Answer 41

Neighbourhood heating scheme to subsidize heating costs Metro Station Good transport links Dual carriageway

Question 42

Describe Byker Ward's population structure

Answer 42

White British 95% Second generation migrants Asylum seekers 5% High unemployment 7%

Question 43

Describe Jesmond's housing

Answer 43

Georgian style Large homes Double depth Studentification has led to sub-divided houses

Question 44

Describe Jesmond's population structure

Answer 44

White British 92% Ethnic minorities/overseas students 8% Low unemployment 2%

Question 45

Describe Gosforth's housing

Answer 45

Part of Newcastle conurbation (ex-suburb) Large family homes Gardens Unaffordable for the majority Infilling of brownfield led to new housing/flats for first time buyers

Question 46

Describe Gosforth's population structure

Answer 46

White British 96% | Low unemployment 2%

Question 47

Describe Wylam's housing

Answer 47

``` Converted farm buildings Country homes New estates built on greenfield to meet demand Village green Community hub ```

Question 48

Describe Wylam's population structure

Answer 48

White British 98.8% Very low unemployment 1% Many retirees 17%