Case Studies P2 Flashcards
(50 cards)
What continent and country is Rio de Janeiro in?
South America, Brazil (South East coast)
Name Rio’s 4 main zones and a key feature of each.
North – Industry & squatter settlements
Centro – Historic buildings, CBD
West – Wealthy suburbs, industry
South – Luxury flats/hotels, Rocinha favela
Why is Rio important globally and nationally?
Cultural capital, World Heritage Site, beautiful natural scenery, industrial centre
Why has Rio’s population grown rapidly?
Economic opportunities attract migrants from Amazon, Bolivia, China, Portugal (shared language), and skilled workers from USA/UK
What are key social challenges in Rio?
50% of children don’t stay in school past 14
Electricity is illegally accessed in favelas
12% without running water; 37% water lost in leaks
Lack of hospitals and doctors
What social improvements were made by the Favela Bairro Project?
New medical clinics
School grants for poor families, private university in Rocinha
300 km of water pipes (95% have mains water by 2014)
60 km of electricity cables, new nuclear generator
What types of jobs are found in Rio?
Steel, oil refining, tourism, port industries, retail, construction, manufacturing
What are Rio’s main economic challenges?
Over 20% unemployment in favelas, major wealth inequality, gang violence, drug trafficking
What solutions tackle unemployment and crime in Rio?
Schools of Tomorrow Programme – improves education
Police Pacifying Units (2013) – reclaim favelas from gangs
Legal housing increases property value in favelas
What environmental problems does Rio face?
Air pollution & traffic (5000 deaths/year)
Guanabara Bay polluted by sewage
Rubbish not collected in favelas
How is Rio reducing its environmental issues?
Metro expansion, toll roads
12 sewage plants since 2004, 5 km new sewers
Rubbish-to-energy plant, widened roads for rubbish trucks
What problems do favelas face?
High crime (20 murders per 1000 people/year)
Poor health services
12% have no running water, 50% no sewage
£75/month income average, 20% unemployment
What does the Favela Bairro Project include?
Paved roads, new sanitation & water supply
Cable cars (free for poor), police units
Helped 253,000 people in 73 favelas
Where is Bristol located?
South West England
Why is Bristol a major UK city?
Education (2 universities), tourism (8th most visited), industry (aerospace/media), culture, airport & docks
How has migration affected Bristol?
50% growth from migration, brings workers and diversity; but causes housing pressure, language barriers, and racial tension
What recent changes has Bristol experienced?
More business opportunities, growing population, increasing diversity
What are social opportunities in Bristol?
Nightlife, Colston Hall, sports, Cabot Circus shopping centre, Harbourside regeneration
How has Bristol’s industry changed?
Shifted from manufacturing to tertiary/quaternary sectors like aerospace
What makes Bristol environmentally significant?
2015 European Green Capital, CO₂ cut by 40% (target), more renewables and brownfield use
What environmental challenges does Bristol face?
Derelict inner-city areas (e.g. Stokes Croft), housing demand, urban sprawl
How is Bristol addressing environmental challenges?
Lottery-funded regeneration, 94% of housing built on brownfield land, urban greening
What are Bristol’s waste management successes?
23% less waste per person
50% recycling rate
Waste-to-energy incineration
Electric cars, better public transport
