CASTLES Flashcards

1
Q

HOW DID NORMANS CHANGE CASTLES

A
  • very few castles built prior to 1066 and the only comparable things were burghs (fortified towns)
  • first castles built by normans were wooden motte and Bailey castles
  • first Norman castle was Pevensey castle, built when William when he landed at pevensey in September 1066
  • between 1066 and 1086 the normans built 500 motte and Bailey castles
  • by 1070 wood had been replaced by stone
  • by 1086 48 large castles and many other small ones
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2
Q

PARTS OF A CASTLE

A

motte- large mound of earth, 5-7m high, fire proof
keep- wooden tower, provided a look out point and an elevated attack position for archers
Bailey- enclosed below motte, were the stables and barracks were for the garrison of soldiers
palisade- fence made of wood

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3
Q

PURPOSE OF CASTLES

A
  • act as the centre of administration for the area
  • to protect Norman settlers
  • to intimidate local areas and show power
  • control the area
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4
Q

WHY DID NORMANS BUILD CASTLES

A

strategic- housed soldiers who could put down rebellions, built at sites of importance to protect normans
symbolic- permanent reminder to English, dominated the landscape, normans often destroyed AS housing to make way for castles- show normans authority

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5
Q

WHERE WERE CASTLES BUILT

A
  • areas of strategic importance0 many built along marshlands to protect normans from rebellions
  • on high ground- to see attackers coming
  • near existing towns
  • near water supply and natural resources - to have easy access to them
  • near natural defences- eg a bend in a river could be used as a moat
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6
Q

PEVENSEYS LOCATION

A
  • built on south coats- typical as many were built on coast to protect from potential invasion and also the sea acted as a moat
  • near a town- typical as many were built near towns for natural resources
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7
Q

WHY PEVENSEY WAS A GOOD LOCATION FOR WILLIAM

A
  • provided a safe route in months after battle of Hastings increase a retreat was needed
  • the castle meant it could be used as a base for other invasions
  • offered a natural labour facing the normandy coast ad control of it ensured lines of communication with normandy
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8
Q

PURPOSE OF CASTLES- DEFEND

A
  • Romans built 9 forts along south and east coat to defend from pirates
  • when William landed he built a temp wooden fort and raid the roman tower to act as an observation point
  • replaced wooden cakes with stone ones to protect leaders
  • built castles in north to defend against Scottish raiders and rebellious locals
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9
Q

PURPOSE OF CASTLES- PREVENT ATTACKS

A
  • when he landed he built s temp wooden fort and raised the tower
  • replaced wooden ones with stone
  • built castles in areas he thought would be a problem (marshland)
  • Norman castles dominated the landscape and made it harder for resistance and rebellion to gain momentum
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10
Q

PURPOSE OF CASTLES- GOVERN

A
  • castles protected garrisons
  • had important economic and legal functions- most served as administrative centres store rooms and prisons
  • built castles in troubled areas to control them
  • dominated towns
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11
Q

CHANGES WILLIAM MADE TO PEVENSEY

A
  • built a temp wooden fort to shelter troops
  • cut ditch across peninsula to isolate ruins from mainland
  • repaired roman walls
  • raised tower in NW of inner Bailey for observation point
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12
Q

WHAT AS USED CASTLES FOR

A
  • built burghs as
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