Casus 4 Schizophrenia Flashcards
(10 cards)
which three subtypes are found in NMDA subunits
GluN1/2/3
What are positive symptoms in schizophrenia?
- hallucination: hearing or seeing persons that seem critical.
- delusions: paranoid like stalked by the FBI.
- disorganized thoughts and behaviour
there are normally not present but come extra.
What are the negative symptoms in schizophrenia?
- inability to undergo emotions
- lack of motivation
- inability to behave socially
What Are the DSM-V criteria for schizophrenia(6)?
(1) Two out of 5 symptoms for longer
than a month; Delusions, Hallucinations, Disorganized speech, grossly disorganized
behaviour, negative symptoms.
(2) Social dysfunction.
(3) Duration of 6 months.
(4) Schizoaffective and mood disorder exclusion.
(5) Substance/general mood condition exclusion.
(6) History of Autism means there should be prominent delusions or hallucinations for at least 1
month.
What is the underlying mechanism of the pathophysiologies of schizophrenia.
A rapid firing of tonic dopamine and hyper responsivity to dopamine.
What are the symptoms of NMDA-r encephalitis(children vs adults)?
psychiatric or behavioural symptoms:
children: seizures, abnormal movements, insomnia, irritability.
adults: psychosis, abnormal behaviour, memory impairment, hypoventilation, vocal/speech and movement disorders
How is anti-NMDA-r diagnosed(2)?
Serum: IgG and GluN1 antibodies.
What are the two stages of inflammation in encephalitits?
1: 3 months, severe symptoms and MRI abnormalities.
2: 6 months, recovery with minimal inflammation and return of function.
What is ELISA?
An antibody is immobilised and then binds to an antigen, then another antibody with a converter binds on top of that and starts colouring the substrate.
Which 6 criteria are use to diagnose NMDR encepahlitis?
- seizures
- muscle disorders
- speech disorder
- abnormal behaviour
- decrease in consciousness
- autonomic dysfunction
