Catatonia

Question 1

Extreme hypoactivity, immobile, minimally responsive to stimuli.

Answer 1

Stupor

Question 2

Verbally unresponsive or minimally responsive.

Answer 2

Mutism

Question 3

Fixed gaze, little or no visual scanning of environment, decreased blinking

Answer 3

Staring

Question 4

Spontaneous maintenance of posture (s), including mundane (e.g. sitting or
standing for long periods without reacting).

Answer 4

Posturing/Catalepsy

Question 5

Maintenance of odd facial expressions

Answer 5

Grimacing

Question 6

Mimicking of examiner’s movements or speech

Answer 6

Echopraxia and echolalia

Question 7

Repetitive, non-goal-directed motor activity (e.g. finger-play, repeatedly touching,
patting or rubbing self); abnormality not inherent in act but in its frequency.

Answer 7

Stereotypy

Question 8

Odd, purposeful movements (hopping or walking tiptoe, saluting passers-by or
exaggerated caricatures of mundane movements); abnormality inherent in act itself

Answer 8

Mannerisms

Question 9

Repetition of
phrases or sentences (like a scratched records) - stereotyped and meaningless repetition of words and phrases

Answer 9

Verbigeration

Question 10

Maintenance of a rigid position despite efforts to be moved (exclude if cog-wheeling
or tremor present)

Answer 10

Rigidity

Question 11

Apparently motiveless resistance to instructions or attempts to move/examine
patients. Contrary behavior, does exact opposite of instruction.

Answer 11

Negativism

Question 12

During repositioning of patient, patient offers initial resistance before
allowing him/herself to be repositioned, similar to that of a bending candle. (also defined as slow
resistance to movement as the patient allows the examiner to place his/her extremities in unusual
positions. The limb may remain in the position in which they are placed or not)

Answer 12

Waxy flexibility

Question 13

Refusal to eat, drink and/or make eye contact.

Answer 13

Withdrawal

Question 14

Extreme hyperactivity, constant motor unrest which is apparently non-purposeful.

Answer 14

Excitement (not attributed to akathisia or goal-directed agitation)

Question 15

Patient suddenly engages in inappropriate behavior (e.g. runs down hallway, starts
screaming or takes off clothes) without provocation. Afterwards can give no, or only a facile
explanation

Answer 15

Impulsivity

Question 16

Exaggerated cooperation with examiner’s request or spontaneous
continuation of movement requested

Answer 16

Automatic obedience

Question 17

Patient raises arm in response to light pressure of finger,
despite instructions to the contrary.

Answer 17

Passive obedience - mitgehen

Question 18

Involuntary resistance to passive movement of a limb to a
new position. Resistance increases with the speed of the movement.

Answer 18

Muscle resistance - gegenhalten

Question 19

Patient appears stuck in indecisive, hesitant motor
movements.

Answer 19

Ambitendency

Question 20

Striking the patient’s open palm with two extended fingers of the examiner’s
hand results in automatic closure of patients hand.

Answer 20

Grasp reflex

Question 21

Repeatedly returns to same topic or persists with the same movements.

Answer 21

Perseveration

Question 22

Belligerence or aggression, Usually in an undirected manner, without
explanation.

Answer 22

Combativeness

Question 23

Abnormality of body temperature (fever), blood pressure, pulse,
respiratory rate, inappropriate sweating, flushing.

Answer 23

Autonomic abnormality