Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BODY LOGISTICS > Catilage > Flashcards

Catilage Flashcards

1
Q

3 types of cartilage

A

Hyaline
Elastic
Fibrocartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

2 things in common with all types of cartilage

A
  • all have matrix containing proteolytic and hyaluronic acid
  • all have chondrocytes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What does the matrix of hyaline cartilage contain?

A

Type II collagen - hyaluronate proteoglycan aggregates bound to the fine collagen matrix fibres
Contains fluid so gives compressability and collagen 2 thinner so more flexible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What does the matrix of elastic cartilage contain?

A

elastic fibres and type II collagen in elastic lamellae (layers) with chondrocytes sat loosely on top to allow recoil - tough but flexible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What does the matrix of fibrocartilage contain?

A

Mainly type I collagen fibres but some type II collagen fibres - very tough cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Cell type found in hyaline cartilage and how they are found

A

Chondrocytes - found present alone, or if recently divided in small clusters called isogenous groups

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are isogenous groups of chondrocytes?

A

Chondrocytes all generated from the same chondroblast and they separate as they lay down extracellular matrix between them

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is hyaline cartilage important for in fetal development?

A

It is the precursor model of the bones that develop by endochondral ossification

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What type of extracellular matrix is in hyaline cartilage? Why is this useful?

A

Avascular (no blood vessels) in which chondrocytes lie and this loose matrix allows diffusion of materials like nutrients and oxygen
Solid and firm but also pliable due to high water content so resilient to repeated application of pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What cells produce the extracellular matrix in cartilage?

A

Chondrocytes lay down matrix within the cell as vesicles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How does hyaluronic acid help in hyaline cartilage?

A

It drags water into the cartilage so assists resilience to repeated application of pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What happens to chondrocytes when placed under pressure in cartilage?

A

Mechanical signals increase synthetic activity (releases more collagen to assist) to release the pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is secreted into spaces between chondrocytes and why/

A

Fibres and GAGs/hyaluronic acid to aid tissue expansion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Where will you find hyaline cartilage?

A

In all articulated joints
Nose
Larynx
Tracheal wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What covers the margin of hyaline cartilage?

A

Perichondrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the role of the perichondrium in hyaline cartilage?

A

Feeds in chondroblasts from both sides of cartilage which develop into chondrocytes. As the isogenous groups expand they force the 2 sides of perichondrium apart- leading to interstitial growth

17
Q

Where do chondrocytes sit within the cartilage?

A

Lacuna

18
Q

Role of cartilage in tracheal wall

A

Reinforces trachea and keeps airway open

19
Q

What happens in adults if the cartilage is damaged at articular surfaces? (2)

A

In an adult the cells dont proliferate enough to repair the damage so the fibroblasts lay down scar tissue instead and there is a loss of flexibility
Fragments of cartilage can also lie in the joint and become calcified, leading to loss of flexibility

20
Q

What are osteophytes?

A

Bony spurs associated with the degeneration of cartilage at joints
Calcified with age

21
Q

Cell type present in elastic cartilage

A

Chondrocyte (no other cell types present)

22
Q

Where is elastic cartilage found in the body (3)

A

Pinna of the ear
Eustachian tube
Epiglottis on top of trachea (allows food to go down oesophagus and air down trachea)

23
Q

Cell types found in fibrocartilage

A

Chondrocytes and fibroblasts
Cells often distributed in rows

24
Q

What is fibrocartilage made up of?

A

Combination of dense regular connective tissue and hyaline cartilage

25
Q

What structures does fibrocartilage not contain?

A

Perichondrium

26
Q

Where is fibrocartilage present?

A

Intervertebral discs
Articular discs fo sternoclavicular and temporomandibular joints
Menesci of the knee joint
Pubic symphysis

27
Q

What is the role of the fibrocartilage?

A

Act as a shock absorber and to resist shearing forces - prevents bones being pulled apart

28
Q

How are chondrocytes arranged?

A

Arranged in rows or as isogenous groups

29
Q

Why is fibrocartilage shown in different directions in histology?

A

Shows that movement can be allowed in different directions

30
Q

How does hyaline cartilage help with bone formation?

A

Used as a template for long bones by endochondral ossification
Starts as collagen II then subsequently turned to collagen I and then calcified to form bone

31
Q

How is the epiphyseal growth plate aided by cartilage?

A

Columns of calcified cartilage extend from the growth plate and become mineralised to form bone - this extends the bone

32
Q

5 zones of cartilage in epiphyseal growth plate

A

Zone of reserve cartilage - no proliferation or matrix production
Zone of proliferation - cells divide into columns, enlarge and secrete matrix
Zone of hypertrophy - cell enlarge and matrix compressed into linear bands between cell columns
Zone of calcified cartilage - enlarged cells degenerate and matrix calcifies
Zone of reabsorption - calcified matrix in contact with marrow; blood vessels and connective tissue invade region occupied by dying chondrocytes, leaving calcified cartilage spicules between them. Bone is laid down on these spicules.

33
Q

Describe a growing bone spicule

A

Osteoblasts surround spicule and deposit new osteoid to be mineralised - become osteocyte once surrounded by new osteoid

34
Q

2 most common cartilage/bone diseases

A

Osteoarthritis
Rheumatoid arthritis

35
Q

What is osteoarthritis?

A

degenerative joint disease
Mechanical failure of articular cartilage - narrowing of joint space so bone rubs against bone

36
Q

What is rheumatoid arthritis?

A

Autoimmune disease causing inflammation of synovial membrane and thickening of joint capsule
This causes damage to underlying bone and then the cartilage causing both bone and cartilage degeneration

37
Q

How does a normal knee joint prevent joint pain?

A

How does a normal knee joint prevent joint pain?

38
Q

How does a normal knee joint prevent joint pain?

A

Degeneration of cartilage narrows the joint space
This can lead to growth of osteophytes (bony spurs) - they can fuse to other bone, causing inflammation and pain

BODY LOGISTICS (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions