Cattle Ortho Flashcards
(36 cards)
Where are claws more often affected by lesions on the rear feet?
on the lateral claw
Where are claws more often affected by lesions on the front feet?
the medial claw
What are the most common causes of foot lesions in feedlot?
Foot rot
digital dermititis
toe abscesses
injuries to the upper leg/skeleton
What are problems that occur secondary to calving
Obturator nerve or sciatic nerve paralysis
peroneal nerve paralysis
What does peroneal nerve paralysis cause?
pressure ischemia over lateral stifle regions
hyperflexion of the hock
What are the clinical signs of foot rot?
Lameness
increased body temperature
swelling
soul odor from necrotic lesions
decreased feed intake
What is the cause of foot rot?
Fusobacterium necrophorum
Truperella pyogenes
What are the infectious causes of lameness in cattle?
Foot rot
Digital dermatitis (heel wart)
Heel erosion
How can foot rot be prevented?
Move cattle to a drier location and keep them from waling on abrasive surfaces
How is foot rot treated?
Early detection is key
remove necrotic debris (make it bleed)
Systemic antibiotics
What are the stages/clinical signs of Digital dermatitis (heel wart)?
M0: no lesion
M1: early subclinical (epithelial defect)
M2: Painful, acute ulcer
M3: Healing
M4: Chronic/ Hairy wart
M4.1: Chronic reoccurring
What causes digital dermatitis?
Weakening of skin barrier due to mechanical irritation & macceration from water and chemicals
Trepenema species
How can digital dermatitis be prevented?
don’t introduce infected animals into herd
Good environmental hygiene
Micronutrient supplementation (Zinc, biotin, Copper)
Foot baths
What are the clinical signs of Heel erosion?
Irregular heel horn that results in heel horn grooves and loss of horn elasticity
Sole bruising & possible sole ulcers.
What is the cause of heel erosion?
Maceration by poor environment & claw hygiene
What are the non-infectious causes of lameness in cattle
Sole ulcer
White line disease
Thin soles
Corckscrew claw
Wall cracks & fissures
What are the clinical signs associated with Sole ulcers?
localized horn destruction that perforates the claw capsule leading to exposure & infection of the underlying corium
due to hard abrasive walking & excessive weight bearing
What is the cause of sole ulcers?
Failure of the suspending & supporting structures due to mechanical and metabolic problems
Where are sole ulcers most common?
Lateral rear claw
What can sole ulcers lead to?
dislocation of the pedal bone, damage to the corium and disruption of horn production
What preventative measures can be taken to reduce sole ulcer formation?
Regular foot trimming (twice a year for dairy and once for beef)
reduce standing times
optimize nutrition
correct walking surfaces/abnormalities
How are sole ulcers treated?
Removal of loose necrotic tissue
block the unaffected claw
antibiotics if swelling of soft tissue
What are the clinical signs of white line disease?
separation of the white line secondary to structural weakening of the white line
What are the risk factors associated with white line disease?
Mechanical injury
poor horn quality due to subclinical laminitis
Hard, abrasive or irregular walking surfaces
