Causative agents Flashcards
(142 cards)
1
Q
Penicillin
A
Penicillium notatum
2
Q
commercial Penicillin
A
Penicillium chrysogenum
3
Q
Griseofulvin
A
Penicillium griseofulvum
4
Q
Chloramphenicol
A
Streptomyces venezuelae
5
Q
Erythromycin
A
Streptomyces erythraeus
6
Q
Streptomycin
A
Streptomyces griseus
7
Q
Bacitracin
A
Bacillus subtilis
8
Q
Kanamycin
A
Streptomyces kanamyceticus
9
Q
Tetracycline
A
Streptomyces rimosus
10
Q
Cephalosporins
A
Caphalosporium acremonium
11
Q
Polymyxin
A
Bacillus polymyxa
12
Q
Nystatin
A
Streptomyces noursei
13
Q
Amphotericin
A
Streptomyces nodosus
14
Q
Gentamicin
A
Micromonuspora purpurea
15
Q
Actinomycin
A
Streptomyces parvulus
16
Q
Rifamycin
A
Streptomyces mediterranei
17
Q
Vancomycin
A
Streptomyces orientalis
18
Q
Alcohol Industry
A
Clostridium acetobutylicum
19
Q
Vinegar Making
A
Acetobacter aceti
Mycoderma aceti
20
Q
Vitamin Production (B12)
A
Pseudomonas denitrificans
21
Q
Gallic acid
A
Penicillium glaucum
Aspergillus gallomyces
22
Q
Citric acid
A
Citromyces pfefferiaur
23
Q
Gluconic Acid
A
Aspergillus niger
24
Q
Amylase
A
Aspergillus aryzae
25
Protease
Bacillus subtilis
26
Invertase
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
27
Streptokinase
Streptococcus pyogenes
28
Cheese, Buttermilk
Lactococcus lactis
29
Yoghurt
Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. Bulgaricus
30
Yeast (baking)
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
31
Agar
Gelidium amansii
Gracilaria lichenoides
Gelidium cartilageneum
Gracilaria confervoides
32
Iodine source
Laminaria Japonica
33
siphylis
Treponema pallidum
34
Anthrax
Bacillus anthracis
35
Referred to as the sugar coat as it is composed of
polypeptides and polysaccharides.
Glycocalyx
36
Resist antibacterial
Virulence Factor
37
General term used to denote substances
surrounding the cell wall; usually made inside the
cell and excreted to the cell surface
Glycocalyx
38
Viscous, gelatinous polymer external to the cell wall.
Glycocalyx
39
Can be identified using negative staining technique.
Because - Bacillus anthracis
Some - streptococus aureos
Nasty - Neiserria ghonorrea
Killers - Klebsiella pneumoniae
Have - Haemophilus influenzae
Some - Salmonella typhi
Capsule - Cryptococcus neoformans
Protection - Psuedomonas aeroginosa
40
Glycocalyx which allows the biofilm attach to its target site
EXTRACELLULAR POLYMERIC SUBSTANCE (EPS)
41
If functions for cell protection and adherence.
Biofilm is a collection of one or more types of microorganisms
that can grow on surfaces.
EXTRACELLULAR POLYMERIC SUBSTANCE (EPS)
42
Long appendages that propel the bacteria
Flagella
43
(organ of locomotion).
Flagella
44
No flagella
Atrichous
45
Single pole flagella
Monotrichous
46
Two or more flagella at one pole
Lophotrichous
47
Flagella on both sides
Amphitrichous
48
Flagella are distributed around the bacteria
Peptrichous
49
long, outermost region
Filament
50
Attachment of filament
Hook
51
anchors the flagellum to the cell wall and plasma membrane
Basal Body
52
Contains 2 pairs of rings
Gram- negative flagella
53
Outer pair is anchored to the cell wall and the inner pair is anchored to the plasma membrane of the bacteria.
Gram- negative flagella
54
Only the inner pair is present
Gram postive flagella
55
Gram positive flagella
Blue/violet
56
Gram negative flagella
Pink/red
57
Unidirectional movement
RUNS/SWIM
58
abrupt change in direction
TUMBLES
59
rapid wave-like movement in culture media
SWARM
60
Flagellar protein; useful in the identification of serovars among
species of gram-negative bacteria.
H-ANTIGEN
61
Shorter, straighter, and thinner than flagella
FIMBRIAE & PILI
62
Used for attachment rather than motility
FIMBRIAE & PILI
63
Aka: Endoflagella
AXIAL FILAMENT
64
Bundles of fibrils that arise at the ends of the cell
beneath the outer sheath and spiral around the cell.
AXIAL FILAMENT
65
Responsible for the corkscrew motion of the
spirochetes
AXIAL FILAMENT
66
Responsible for the corkscrew motion of the
------
SPIROCHETES
67
lyme disease
Borrelia burgdorferi
68
leptospirosis
Leptospira interrogans
69
Prevent cell rupture due to osmosis
Cell wall
70
Retain the shape of the cell
Cell wall
71
Anchorage the flagella
Cell wall
72
Basis for classifying major types of bacteria
Cell wall
73
Site of action for antibiotics
Cell wall
74
Round
coccus
75
oval
bacillus
76
mejo round na oval
cocobacillus
77
curve
spiral
78
Anti bacteria gents that inhibit formation of cell wall
Cell wall synthesis inhibitor
79
Agents of cell wall synthesis inhibitor
Penicillins
Cephalosporins
Cerbapenems
Monobactam
80
81
Repeating disaccharide attached by polypeptides to form a lattice
that surrounds and protects the entire cell.
PEPTIDOGLYCAN
82
other name for peptidoglycan
Murein
83
NAG
N-acetylglucosamine
84
NAM
N-acetylmuramic acid
85
Unique polysaccharides; antigenic specificity identification
Teichoic Acids
86
ipoteichoic acids are teichoic acids bound to the plasma membrane
Teichoic acids
87
Antigenic properties
Teichoic acids (negative)
Flagella (both - and +)
O-polysaccharide (negative)
88
the counterstain during gram staining
Safranin
89
space between peptides and outer membrane
Periplasmic space
90
LPS
Lipopolysaccharide
91
Lipopolysaccharide members
O-polysaccharide
Core polysaccharide
Lipid A
92
a large complex molecule
that contains lipids and carbohydrates.
LPS of the outer membrane is
93
lipid portion of LPS.
Lipid A
94
Attached to lipid A; contains sugars
Core polysaccharide
95
Its role is structural - to provide stability.
Core polysaccharide
96
extends outward from the core polysaccharide;
composed of sugar.
O-polysaccharide
97
functions as an antigen and is useful for
distinguishing species of gram-negative bacteria.
O-polysaccharide
98
Space between the plasma membrane and outer
membrane.
Periplasmic space
99
Contains degradative enzymes and transport proteins
Periplasmic space
100
Released when gram-negative cell wall disintegrates.
Lipid A
101
can also be an impediment in antibacterial effect. The outer membrane may prevent the entry of cell wall synthesis inhibitors (e.g., Penicillin) to the underlying peptidoglycan.
Gram-negative cell wall
102
Without cell wall; Contains sterols instead of
peptidoglycan
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
103
Smallest known bacteria
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
104
Can grow and reproduce outside living cells
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
105
Can pass bacterial filters
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
106
Do not contain a cell wall
Atypical Cell Wall
107
Contains polysaccharides and proteins instead of
peptidoglycan.
Archaea (Bacteria)
108
Contains PSEUDOMUREIN
Archaea
109
False peptidoglycan
PSEUDOMUREIN
110
---- INSTEAD OF NAM
N-ACETYLALOSAMINURONIC ACID
111
Unit for sedimentation
S=Svedberg
112
Cell structure responsible for protein synthesis.
Ribosomes
113
Site of action of numerous antimicrobial agents
Ribosomes
114
what are the numerous antimicrobial agents in ribosomes
Tetracycline, Aminoglycosides, Macrolides, Chloramphenicol
115
Protein synthesis inhibitors
50s- CEL at 50
30s- buy AT 30
50s
Chloramphenicol
Erythromycin
Lincosamides
30s
Aminoglycosides
Tetracycline
116
Collectively known as VOLUTIN
Metachromatic Granules
117
Large inclusions
Metachromatic granules
118
Inorganic phosphate reserve
Metachromatic granules
119
metachromatic granules
Corynebacterium diphtheriae
120
Consist of glycogen and starch
Polysaccharide Granules
121
Lipid storage
Lipid inclusions
122
Used to make energy
Sulfur granules
123
oxidize sulfur and sulfur-containing
compounds to energy
Thiobacillus
124
Contains the enzyme, 1,5-diphosphate carboxylase
Carboxysomes
125
For bacteria that only utilizes CO2 for their carbon source
Carboxysomes
126
Aquatic prokaryotes; gas vesicles
gas vacuoles
127
Maintain buoyancy
Gas vacuoles
128
Gas vacuoles
Maintains buoyancy
129
Inclusions of Iron oxide
Magnetosomes
130
Aquaspirillum magnetotacticum
Magnetosomes
131
Magnetosomes
Aquaspirillum magnetotacticum
132
Carboxysomes contain what enzyme
1,5-diphosphate carboxylase
133
Process of endospore formation.
Sporulation
134
Process by which endospores go back to its
vegetative state.
Germination
135
Branch of biotechnology that employs the use of living organisms
(like bacteria) in the removal of contaminants, pollutants, and toxins
from soil and/or water.
Bioremediation
136
It is used to clean oil spills or contaminated
groundwater
Bioremediation
137
Microorganisms are primarily responsible for
converting certain elements (Carbon,
Nitrogen, Oxygen, Sulfur, and Phosphorus) into
forms that animals and plants can use.
Recycling vital elements
138
(algae, cyanobacteria,
plants) utilize CO2 during photosynthesis.
Photosynthetic organisms
139
Only bacteria can naturally convert atmospheric nitrogen to a from available to
plants and animals.
Recycling vital elements
140
Only bacteria can naturally convert atmospheric nitrogen to a from available to plants and animals.
Sewage treatment
141
Powder to kill caterpillar/ worms
Bacillus thuringiensis
142
By using microorganisms rather than chemical insect control, farmers can avoid harming the environment.
Insect pest control
