Cause and Effect

Question 0

Cause of the Hundred Years’ War

Answer 0

Edward III is vassal of the French king for Duchy of Aquitaine
French king wants control of the duchy
Edward III has claim to French throne as his mother is a princess

Question 1

Cause of the Reformation

Answer 1

Mass-corruption of the Catholic Church

Question 2

Effects of the Hundred Years’ War

Answer 2

England loses most continental possessions
Economies struggle and trade declines
More frequent parliament gives foothold to representative gov.
English War of the Roses (Lancastrians vs Yorkists)
Increased taxation leads to peasant revolts

Question 3

Cause of The Age of Exploration

Answer 3

Motives:
Chance to break Mediterranean monopoly on trade
The incursions of the Turks led to higher prices for land-trade
More knowledge and technology available post-humanism

Question 4

Results of The Age of Exploration

Answer 4

Silver returns fuel the Price Revolution
City life becomes more desirable economically
New goods available through the “Columbian Exchange”

Question 5

Cause for the civil war in France (1500’s)

Answer 5

Catholics war against Protestants (Calvinists especially)

Question 6

Results of the French civil wars (1500’s)

Answer 6

Henry IV (Of Navarre) converts to Catholicism 
The Edict of Nantes is issued

Question 7

Causes of the Thirty Years’ War

Answer 7

Protestant alliance opposes Catholic league
Ferdinand rescinds the Letter of Majesty (Bohemia)
Ferdinand marches into Germany to take lands for Catholicism
Gustavus Adolphus defeats Ferdinand in defense of Protestantism

Question 8

Results of The Thirty Years’ War

Answer 8

Creates modern religious distribution in Europe
Nobles gain power against monarchs
France and Germany dissolve ( France reunites in 1600s)
Politiques (Elizabeth I, Henry IV) come to dominate politics
Spain loses status as power due to Habsburg split

Question 9

Causes of the Scientific Revolution

Answer 9

Copernicus’ heliocentric theory followed by Brahe, Kepler, Galileo
Idea of new discovery spreads to other branches of science

Question 10

Results of the Scientific Revolution

Answer 10

Heliocentric model, elliptical orbits, inductive and deductive reasoning,analytic geometry
Ideas of discovery spread to other branches of science
Scientific societies widen and popularize

Question 11

Causes of The Price Revolution

Answer 11

Flow of silver from the Americas

Major population increase

Question 12

Results of The Price Revolution

Answer 12

The putting-out system appears

Mercantilism comes into favor

Question 13

Causes of the English Civil War

Answer 13

Absolutism vs constitutionalism

Presbyterian vs episcopalian church

Question 14

Results of the English Civil War

Answer 14

Oliver Cromwell becomes lord protector

Military dictatorship breaks England into twelve districts

Question 15

Causes of the Glorious Revolution

Answer 15

Parliamentary popularity shown by denial of the declaration of indulgence
William and Mary invited to take the throne

Question 16

Results of the Glorious Revolution

Answer 16

The Bill of Rights is established

Constitutional monarchy takes hold in England

Question 17

Causes of the Enlightenment

Answer 17

Response to economic and political changes incited by the scientific revolution
Popularization of secular ideas and secular (enlightened) thinkers

Question 18

Results of the Enlightenment

Answer 18

Deism (natural religion)
New political ideas ( Locke / Rousseau )
New view of childhood and secular education instituted
Furthers support for feminism and women’s rights

Question 19

Causes of the French Revolution

Answer 19

Enlightened society begins to question governmental structure
Heavy taxation of the poor without proper representation
France slips into bankruptcy under Louis XVI

Question 20

Results of the French Revolution

Answer 20

Laid foundation for modern nation-states through a republic based on a capitalist society with key points in equality
Led to the Napoleonic Era

Question 21

Causes of the Industrial Revolution ( in England specifically )

Answer 21

Large supply of cheap labor
Large supply of coal and iron
Whig government sympathized with industrialization
Country left unscarred by war

Question 22

Results of the Industrial Revolution

Answer 22

Increased urbanization
Role of cities changes from political to production center
New wage family emerges 
Classic gender roles emerge in the home
Marriage became more personal

Question 23

Causes of the revolutions of 1848

France / Italy

Answer 23

Severe food shortages / poor living conditions
Business failure / unemployment / financial crises
Overpowering nationalism

Question 24

Results of the Revolutions of 1848

Answer 24

Second French Republic created
Louis Napoleon takes power ( Emperor Napoleon III )
Revolts to unite Italy fail

Question 25

Causes of the failure of the Revolutions of 1848

Answer 25

Armed forces remain loyal to old leadership
Liberal political reforms appease revolutionaries (west)
Lack of desire for violent revolution by the middle class (central)
Nationalist revolutions lack organization and power (east/south)

Question 26

Causes of the Crimean War

Answer 26

France provides enclaves in the Holy Land for Roman Catholics which threatens Greek Orthodox orders
Tsar Nicholas orders troops to occupy Turkish land
Russia refuses to withdraw, so Britain and France declare war

Question 27

Results of the Crimean War

Answer 27

Russia relinquishes all Danubian land

Tension grows between Russia and Austria (leads to WWI)

Question 28

Causes of new imperialism

Answer 28

Excess capital was available and foreign markets made sense
Need for new sources of raw material
The spread of religion
The spread of national influence 
"God, glory, gold"

Question 29

Causes of the First World War

Answer 29

Global arms race
Imperial conflicts (Fashoda, Moroccan, BALKAN, Agadir Crises)
Archduke Franz Ferdinand assassinated creates conflict between Austria and Serbia

Question 30

Results of the First World War

Answer 30

The Treaty of Versailles disarms Germany and blames the war on Germany. Germany is forced to pay reparations, join the League of Nations and loses the Rhineland. Sense of betrayal in Germany leads to WWII

Question 31

Causes of the Second World War

Answer 31

Appeasement allows Nazi Germany to grow in power
Germany invades small European countries
Fascist leaders Hitler and Mussolini declare war on the allies

Question 32

Causes of the Russian revolutions of 1917

Answer 32

The Russo-Japanese War caused internal conflict
Entrance to WWI threatens economically and politically
Civilian economy suffers as trade deficits increase
Rasputin’s refusal to aid the Duma led to his assassination

Question 33

Results of the Russian Revolutions of 1917

Answer 33

Vladimir Lenin and the Bolsheviks take power for a time

The socialist revolutionaries take power after a time

Question 34

Causes of the Russian Civil War

Answer 34

Socialist revolutionaries (white / Mensheviks) oppose Soviet forces (red / Bolsheviks)

Question 35

Results of the Russian Civil War

Answer 35

War communism instituted (industry nationalized, grain seized from kulaks), which creates economic disaster
NEP instituted, relieving economy with slight return to capitalism

Question 36

The cause of the Cold War

Answer 36

Distrust between the U.S.S.R and the Allies
Russian refusal to withdraw from Iran
Truman’s “containment plan”
Korean split and war

Question 37

Results of the Cold War

Answer 37

Tensions settle between Russia and the allies
Soviet influence diminishes
Arms and space race end