Causes

Question 1

Middle Ages:

description of 1300

Answer 1

• population of 4.75 million

- 25% of families had enough land to provide for themselves

Question 2

Middle Ages:

reality - poverty and famine

Answer 2

• couldn’t afford meat and veg in diet

- 1315-1317 torrential rain, 10-15% of population died

Question 3

Middle Ages:

reality - warfare

Answer 3

• armies travelled through villages without paying for food etc
• diseases easily spread in camps

Question 4

Middle Ages:

reality - homes and towns

Answer 4

• crowded
• people didn’t want to spend money on improving conditions
• straw floors, good for rats and fleas

Question 5

Middle Ages:

reality - water

Answer 5

• cesspits often near wells
• cesspits weren’t emptied often as you had to pay
• waste including animal remnants from butchers thrown into rivers

Question 6

Middle Ages:

reality - animals

Answer 6

• common in streets

- creating tons of dung every week

Question 7

Middle Ages:

believed - religion and supernatural

Answer 7

• punishment for sins

- magic and evil spirits or demons

Question 8

Middle Ages:

believed - four humours and bad smells

Answer 8

• imbalance of four humours
• used charts to figure this out
• miasma

Question 9

Middle Ages:

believed - everyday life

Answer 9

• many children died before age of 7

- childbirth, famine and warfare were frequent threats

Question 10

Middle Ages:

reality - Black Death

Answer 10

• bubonic plague
• ship docked from China
• killed 1/3 of population in UK
• fleas on rats

Question 11

Middle Ages:

believed - Black Death

Answer 11

• miasma
• imbalance of four humours
• God was angry people didn’t go to church more often
• Jews poisoned wells and springs

Question 12

Early Modern:

reality - water

Answer 12

• little regulations

- started to build sewers but most towns didn’t want to pay

Question 13

Early Modern:

reality - homes

Answer 13

• close together, wood, thatch, fires spread easily

- smoky, dark unhealthy

Question 14

Early Modern:

reality - Great Plague 1665

Answer 14

• 1665, killed 25% of London’s population

- wealthy tried to flee but spread disease futher

Question 15

Early Modern:

believed - Great Plague 1665

Answer 15

• bad smells
• punishment from God
• thought you could catch it from others but didn’t know why

Question 16

Modern 19th Century:

reality of industrialisation - new towns

Answer 16

• Bethnal Green 1842, labourers lived to 16
• Manchester 1842, 57% children died before age of 5
• whole families lived in one room

Question 17

Modern 19th Century:

reality of industrialisation - diseases

Answer 17

• contagious such as typhoid, typhus, measles etc
• rickets, lack of sunlight and fresh air
• coal miners developed pneumoconiosis, lung disease
• women in match making factories got ‘phossy jaw’

Question 18

Modern 19th Century:

cholera

Answer 18

• biggest outbreak 1848, killed 60000
• consuming contaminated water and food
• bad smells
• God

Question 19

Modern 19th Century:

typhoid

Answer 19

• poor sanitation
• Prince Albert died 1861 from drains in Windsor Castle
• 1897-98 Maidstone Kent outbreak, killed 132

Question 20

Modern 20th and 21st Century:

Spanish Lady

Answer 20

• 1918 flu pandemic, killing 20-40 million
• most deadly to 20-40 year olds
• armies moving about spread it quickly
• 280000 died in UK

Question 21

Modern 20th and 21st Century:

AIDS

Answer 21

• Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome, 1981 in USA
• by 2014, 40 million dead
• unprotected sex, sharing needles

Question 22

Modern 20th and 21st Century:

reaction to AIDS

Answer 22

• some still think it’s punishment for sinful lifestyles
• W.H.O spent millions on awareness campaigns
• easily avoidable if precautions are taken