CB6 - Plant Structures and Their Functions

Question 1

What is the word equation for photosynthesis?

Answer 1

carbon dioxide + water –> oxygen + glucose

Question 2

What is the symbol equation for photosynthesis

Answer 2

CO2 + H2O –> O2 + C6-H12-O6

Question 3

What is biomass?

Answer 3

Materials of an organism without water

Question 4

What are producers?

Answer 4

Organisms that produce their own food

Question 5

What is photosynthesis?

Answer 5

A series of chemical reactions catalysed by enzymes

Question 6

What is an exothermic reaction?

Answer 6

A reaction that releases energy

Question 7

What is an exothermic reaction?

Answer 7

A reaction that releases energy

Question 8

What is an endothermic reaction?

Answer 8

A reaction that absorbs energy

Question 9

Is photosynthesis endo or exothermic?

Answer 9

Endothermic

Question 10

Why is photosynthesis endothermic?

Answer 10

The products have more energy than the reactants

Question 11

What is found in a plant cell? (8)

Answer 11

nucleus
vacuole
cell wall
cell membrane
chloroplast
cytoplasm
mitochondria
ribosome

Question 12

What is found in a plant cell?

Answer 12

nucleus
vacuole
cell wall
cell membrane
chloroplast
cytoplasm
mitochondria
ribosome

Question 13

What is the function of the nucleus?

Answer 13

Controls the cell

Question 14

What is the function of the vacuole?

Answer 14

Stores sap

Question 15

What is the function of the cell wall?

Answer 15

Structure and support

Question 16

What is the function of the cell membrane?

Answer 16

Lets things in and out of the cell

Question 17

What is the function of the ribosomes?

Answer 17

Makes proteins

Question 18

What is the function of the chloroplast?

Answer 18

Photosynthesis

Question 19

What is the function of the cytoplasm?

Answer 19

Where chemical reactions take place

Question 20

What is the function of the mitochondria?

Answer 20

Aerobic respiration

Question 21

Where does photosynthesis take place in the cell?

Answer 21

Chloroplasts

Question 22

What is the function of chlorophyll?

Answer 22

Trap the energy transferred by light.

Question 23

What is the polymer of glucose called?

Answer 23

Starch

Question 24

What is the starch used for?

Answer 24

Some broken down into sucrose
Glucose for respiration

Question 25

What are the factors that affect photosynthesis?

Answer 25

Carbon dioxide concentration Temperature Light intensity

Question 26

What is a limiting factor?

Answer 26

A factor that prevents a rate increasing

Question 27

Why is temperature a limiting factor?

Answer 27

Enzymes are more active at higher temperatures

Question 28

What is the formula for inverse square law?

Answer 28

light = O-intensity x O-distance^2 intensity ----------------------------------------- N-distance^2

Question 29

What parts make up a leaf? (7)

Answer 29

waxy cuticle upper epidermis palisade mesophyll spongy mesophyll vascular bundle lower epidermis waxy cuticle

Question 30

Why are leaves broad and flat?

Answer 30

Larger surface area

Question 31

What do palisade cells contain?

Answer 31

Chloroplast

Question 32

Why are the palisade cells at the top of the leaf?

Answer 32

Maximise photosynthesis

Question 33

What is the function of the waxy cuticle?

Answer 33

A waterproof layer that prevents water loss out the leaf

Question 34

What is the upper epidermis?

Answer 34

Layers of cells with no nucleus that allows light to pass through

Question 35

Why are there air spaces in the leaf?

Answer 35

For diffusion of gases

Question 36

What is contained in the vascular bundle?

Answer 36

Xylem Phloem

Question 37

What are stomata?

Answer 37

Microscopic pores at the bottom of the leaf

Question 38

What are guard cells?

Answer 38

Specialised cells that open and close the stomata

Question 39

What happens to stomata during the day?

Answer 39

Water flows into the guard cells which become rigid and open Carbon dioxide diffuses in the cell Oxygen diffuses out of the cell

Question 40

What happens to stomata during the night?

Answer 40

Water flows out the guard cells which become flaccid and closed No gases can diffuse Water cannot leave

Question 41

Why are the stomata at the bottom of the leaf?

Answer 41

Water leaves through the stomata via evaporation If the stomata were at the top of the leaf the water would evaporated to quickly so the plant wouldn't get water

Question 42

What is osmosis?

Answer 42

The movement of water molecules through a semi-permeable membrane down a concentration gradient.

Question 43

What is diffusion?

Answer 43

Movement from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration (down a concentration gradient)

Question 44

What is active transport?

Answer 44

The moment of particles up a concentration gradient using energy.

Question 45

What is the water absorbed by plant roots used for?

Answer 45

Carrying dissolve mineral ions Keeping cells ridgid Cooling the leaves Photosynthesis

Question 46

How is a root hair cell adapted to its function?

Answer 46

Large surface area Thin cell walls

Question 47

How do these adaptions help? (Root hair cells)

Answer 47

LSA - water and mineral ions can be quickly absorbed Thin - easy for water and minerals to pass through

Question 48

What is transpiration?

Answer 48

Flow of water and dissolved minerals from roots and out of the leaves

Question 49

What is translocation?

Answer 49

The active transport of sucrose and amino acids from leaves up and down the stem.

Question 50

How does the sieve tube help phloem move dissolved sugar?

Answer 50

It transports the sugar up and down the plant (continuous tube)

Question 51

How do the sieve plates help phloem move dissolved sugar?

Answer 51

Allows sugar to move up and down the plant

Question 52

How do the companion cells help phloem move dissolved sugar?

Answer 52

They contain lots of mitochondria for energy for the active transport of pumping sugar up and down the stem.

Question 53

How are the cytoplasm's of phloem adapted to maximise the flow of sugar?

Answer 53

They are narrow

Question 54

What are phloem made up of?

Answer 54

Living cells

Question 55

What are xylem made up of?

Answer 55

Dead cells

Question 56

How do the no end walls help xylem move water?

Answer 56

Forms a continuous hollow tube.

Question 57

How do the lignin spirals help xylem move water?

Answer 57

The strengthen and support the plant

Question 58

How do the pits help xylem move water?

Answer 58

They let water out through osmosis