CBC

Question 1

What 5 types of WBC’s are given as differential % values in the CBC

Answer 1

neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils, lymphocytes (B cells and Tcells), and monocytes

Question 2

2 multilobular WBC’s

Answer 2

monocytes and neutrophils

Question 3

2 types of WBC’s ramped up in allergies

Answer 3

eosinophils (most affected) and basophils

Question 4

definition of ANC and implication

Answer 4

absolute neutrophil count - a value less than 1000 means immunocompromised

Question 5

two cell types that contain histamine and heparin

Answer 5

basophils and mast cells

Question 6

implication of high monocyte differential

Answer 6

chronic infection/inflammation

Question 7

RBC lifespan

Answer 7

120 days

Question 8

normal WBC count in adults

Answer 8

5-10,000/cubic mm (=mcL)

Question 9

normal WBC count for children under 2

Answer 9

6-17,000/ cubic mm

Question 10

what percentage of WBC count is B cells? T cells?

Answer 10

B cells= 5%, T cells=95%

Question 11

the four RBC indices

Answer 11

MCV, MCH, MCHC, RDW

Question 12

anemia is defined as

Answer 12

RBC count > 10% below normal

Question 13

normal adult range for RBC count

Answer 13

4,500,000-6,000,000 / cubic mm

Question 14

name for excess RBC’s

Answer 14

erythrocytosis

Question 15

PCV stands for…

Answer 15

Packed Cell Volume, %= hematocrit (Hct)

Question 16

indication that Hct is CRITICAL

Answer 16

65%

Question 17

Rule of 3’s to check CBC accuracy

Answer 17

RBC count * 3 = Hgb… *3 = Hct

Question 18

MCV formula

Answer 18

(Hct * 10)/RBC

Question 19

Name for MCV abnormality

Answer 19

macrocytic or microcytic

Question 20

What does RDW measure

Answer 20

red cell distribution width = % size variability

Question 21

normal RDW

Answer 21

11-15%

Question 22

Name for RDW abnormality

Answer 22

anisocytosis

Question 23

What is a reticulocyte

Answer 23

an immature cell that becomes a red cell in 2 days

Question 24

how are peripheral smears interpreted with the CBC

Answer 24

to complement the RBC count

Question 25

Burr cells are typical of what conditions

Answer 25

splenectomy, liver disease, and uremia

Question 26

what is the value given for reticulocytes and what's the norm

Answer 26

the % of RBC's that are retics. Normally (0.5-2%)

Question 27

3 interfering factors that could increase WBC count

Answer 27

exercise, stress, late afternoon, splenectomy, just before delivery

Question 28

3 drugs that increase WBC count

Answer 28

aspirin, steroids, allopurinol, epinephrine, quinine

Question 29

3 drugs that decrease WBC

Answer 29

barbiturates (antipsychotics), anticonvulsants, diuretics

Question 30

implication of RBC indices

Answer 30

categorizing anemias

Question 31

What is the first index to look at when RBC is low

Answer 31

MCV (microcytic could mean B12 deficiency)

Question 32

Indications for performing a CBC

Answer 32

fever, fatigue, SOB, bleeding/bruising

Question 33

What is the largest leukocyte

Answer 33

monocyte

Question 34

What is the largest percent in the WBC differential

Answer 34

neutrophil

Question 35

Meds increase WBC count

Answer 35

steroids, adrenaline, allopurinol, aspirin,

Question 36

When are monocytes increased

Answer 36

chronic inflammation

Question 37

When are neutrophils increased

Answer 37

acute response

Question 38

What 2 things causes a persist increase in WBC

Answer 38

worsening infection or chronic illness (ex: myelofibrosis)

Question 39

Medications that decrease WBC count

Answer 39

diuretics, anticonvulsants, barbituates, antipsychotics

Question 40

Spherocytes indicate

Answer 40

hereditary cytoskeletal defect that makes red cells less flexible (acquired hemolytic anemia)

Question 41

Heinz bodies

Answer 41

off-center red dots, hemoglobin is too oxidized (alpha thalessemia, G6PD deficiency)

Question 42

Howell-Jolly Bodies

Answer 42

blue dots that indicate: splenectomy, Sjogren syndrome, or myelodysplasia

Question 43

basophilic stipling

Answer 43

indicates rRNA accumulation from lead poisoning

Question 44

Schistocytes (helmet cells) indicates these 4 conditions

Answer 44

Waring blender syndrome, disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), Thrombotic Thrombopenic Purpura (TTP), Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (HUS)

Question 45

what is polycythemia vera

Answer 45

uncontrolled RBC production due to marrow neoplasm

Question 46

top 3 reasons for a true high WBC count

Answer 46

infection, myeloproliferative disorders, other malignancy, trauma/stress/hemorrhage

Question 47

what is normal MCV value

Answer 47

80-95 femtoliters (fL)

Question 48

what value does the MCHC reflect

Answer 48

the average RBC weight

Question 49

a low reticulocyte count in anemia means

Answer 49

marrow is aplastic or does not have compounds necessary for response to low RBC count

Question 50

a large number of abnormal shaped cells is called...

Answer 50

poikilocytosis

Question 51

Target cells are indicative of what disease

Answer 51

thalassemia

Question 52

At what organs can platelets get "parked"

Answer 52

liver and spleen

Question 53

2 reasons platelet count would be high

Answer 53

reacting to low RBC count (Fe anemia or bleeding ), post-splenectomy

Question 54

what can be determined from ESR "sed rate"

Answer 54

to determine if lab values are due to inflammation or to measure the effect of treatment of an inflammatory condition